Jump to content

Courtney Love

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the American rock singer. For the band, see Lois Maffeo. For the American football player and coach, see Courtney Love (American football). For the Mediaeval literary term, see Courtly love.

Courtney Love
Profile photograph of Courtney Love
Love in 2014
Born
Courtney Michelle Harrison

(1964-07-09) July 9, 1964 (age 60)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Other namesCourtney Rodriguez[1]
Courtney Menely[1]
Courtney Love Cobain
Occupations
  • Singer
  • musician
  • songwriter
  • actress
Years active1981–present
Notable work
Spouses
  • James Moreland
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1989; ann. 1989)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1992; died 1994)​
ChildrenFrances Bean Cobain
MotherLinda Carroll
Relatives
AwardsFull list
Musical career
OriginPortland, Oregon, U.S.
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
Labels
Formerly of

Courtney Michelle Love (née Harrison; born July 9, 1964) is an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and actress. A figure in the alternative and grunge scenes of the 1990s, her career has spanned four decades. She rose to prominence as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. In 2020, NME named her one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years.

Love had an itinerant childhood, but was primarily raised in Portland, Oregon, where she played in a series of short-lived bands and was active in the local punk scene. After briefly being in a juvenile hall, she spent a year living in Dublin and Liverpool before returning to the United States and pursuing an acting career. She appeared in supporting roles in the Alex Cox films Sid and Nancy (1986) and Straight to Hell (1987) before forming the band Hole in Los Angeles with guitarist Eric Erlandson. The group received critical acclaim from underground rock press for their 1991 debut album Pretty on the Inside, produced by Kim Gordon, while their second release, Live Through This (1994), was met with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales. In 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman's The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996), which established her as a mainstream actress. The following year, Hole's third album, Celebrity Skin (1998), was nominated for three Grammy Awards.

Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon (1999) and Trapped (2002), before releasing her first solo album, America's Sweetheart, in 2004. The subsequent several years were marred with publicity surrounding Love's legal troubles and drug relapse, which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album. That project became Nobody's Daughter, released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup. Between 2014 and 2015, Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. In 2020, she confirmed she was writing new music. Love has also been active as a writer; she co-created and co-wrote three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, and wrote a memoir, Dirty Blonde (2006).

Life and career

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Courtney Love

1964–1982: Childhood and education

Courtney Michelle Harrison was born July 9, 1964, at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital in San Francisco,[2] the first child of psychotherapist Linda Carroll (née Risi; born 1944) and Hank Harrison (1941–2022),[3] a publisher and road manager for the Grateful Dead.[4][5] Her parents met at a party held for Dizzy Gillespie in 1963, and the two married in Reno, Nevada after Carroll discovered she was pregnant.[6][7] Carroll, who was adopted at birth,[8] is the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox.[9][10][11] Love's matrilineal great-grandmother was Elsie Fox (née de Sola),[12] a Cuban writer who co-wrote the film The Last Train from Madrid with Love's great-grandfather, Paul Hervey Fox, cousin of writer Faith Baldwin and actor Douglas Fairbanks.[13][14] Phil Lesh, the founding bassist of the Grateful Dead, was Love's godfather.[15][16][17] According to Love, she was named after Courtney Farrell, the protagonist of Pamela Moore's 1956 novel Chocolates for Breakfast.[18] Love is of Cuban, English, German, Irish, Ashkenazi Jewish, and Welsh descent.[19] Through her mother's subsequent marriages, Love has two younger half-sisters, three younger half-brothers (one of whom died in infancy), and one adopted brother.[20][21]

Love spent her early years in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco, until her parents divorced in 1970.[11][22] In a custody hearing, her mother, as well as one of her father's girlfriends, testified that Hank had dosed Courtney with LSD when she was a toddler.[11][22][23] Carroll also alleged that Hank threatened to abduct his daughter and flee with her to a foreign country.[6] Though Hank denied these allegations, his custody was revoked.[6] In 1970, Carroll relocated with Love to the rural community of Marcola, Oregon where they lived along the Mohawk River[21] while Carroll completed her psychology degree at the University of Oregon.[1] There, Carroll remarried to schoolteacher Frank Rodríguez, who legally adopted Love.[21] Though Love was baptized a Roman Catholic,[24] her mother maintained an unorthodox home; according to Love, "There were hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked [doing] Gestalt therapy", and her mother raised her in a gender-free household with "no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing".[25] Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, Oregon, where she struggled academically and socially.[26][27] She has said that she began seeing psychiatrists at "like, [age] three. Observational therapy. TM for tots. You name it, I've been there."[28] At age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism, among them tactile defensiveness.[25][29][30][31] Love commented in 1995: "When I talk about being introverted, I was diagnosed autistic. At an early age, I would not speak. Then I simply bloomed."[28]

In 1972, Love's mother divorced Rodríguez, remarried to sportswriter David Menely, and moved the family to Nelson, New Zealand.[32] Love was enrolled at Nelson College for Girls,[33] but soon expelled for misbehavior.[34] In 1973, Carroll sent Love back to Portland, Oregon,[35] to be raised by her former stepfather and other family friends.[36][37] At age 14, Love was arrested for shoplifting from a Portland department store[38] and remanded at Hillcrest Correctional Facility, a juvenile hall in Salem, Oregon.[27][39] While at Hillcrest, she became acquainted with records by Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, who later inspired her to start a band.[40] She was intermittently placed in foster care throughout late 1979 until becoming legally emancipated in 1980,[23][41] after which she remained staunchly estranged from her mother.[42] Shortly after her emancipation, Love spent two months in Japan working as a topless dancer, but was deported after her passport was confiscated.[43] She returned to Portland and began working at the strip club Mary's Club,[44][28] adopting the surname Love to conceal her identity; she later adopted Love as her surname.[21] She worked odd jobs, including as a DJ at a gay disco.[45] Love said she lacked social skills,[46] and learned them while frequenting gay clubs and spending time with drag queens.[47] During this period, she enrolled at Portland State University, studying English and philosophy.[48][49] She later commented that, had she not found a passion for music, she would have sought a career working with children.[50]

Before Liverpool, my life doesn't count. Ian McCulloch and Julian Cope taught me a great deal. I owe them a lot. Liverpool had been a great school to become a rock star.

–Love on her time in Liverpool[11]

In 1981, Love was granted a small trust fund that had been left by her maternal grandparents, which she used to travel to Dublin, Ireland, where her biological father was living.[51] She audited courses at Trinity College, studying theology for two semesters.[52][53] She later received honorary patronage from Trinity's University Philosophical Society in 2010.[54] While in Dublin, Love met musician Julian Cope of the Teardrop Explodes at one of the band's concerts.[11] Cope took a liking to Love and offered to let her stay at his Liverpool home in his absence.[11] She traveled to London, where she was met by her friend and future bandmate, Robin Barbur, from Portland.[55] Recalling Cope's offer, Love and Barbur moved into Cope's home with him and several other artists,[11][56] including Pete de Freitas of Echo & the Bunnymen.[57] De Freitas was initially hesitant to allow the girls to stay, but acquiesced as they were "alarmingly young and obviously had nowhere else to go".[58] Love recalled: "They kind of took me in. I was sort of a mascot; I would get them coffee or tea during rehearsals."[59] Cope writes of Love frequently in his 1994 autobiography, Head-On, in which he refers to her as "the adolescent".[60]

In July 1982, Love returned to the United States.[11] In late 1982, she attended a Faith No More concert in San Francisco and convinced the members to let her join as a singer.[61][62] The group recorded material with Love as a vocalist, but fired her; according to keyboardist Roddy Bottum, who remained Love's friend in the years after, the band wanted a "male energy".[63] Love returned to working abroad as an erotic dancer, briefly in Taiwan, and then at a taxi dance hall in Hong Kong.[64][65] By Love's account, she first used heroin while working at the Hong Kong dance hall, having mistaken it for cocaine.[66] While still inebriated from the drug, Love was pursued by a wealthy male client who requested that she return with him to the Philippines, and gave her money to purchase new clothes.[66] She used the money to purchase an airfare back to the United States.[66]

1983–1987: Early music projects and film

At age 19, through her then-boyfriend's mother, film costume designer Bernadene Mann, Love took a job at Paramount Studios cleaning out the wardrobe department of vintage pieces that had suffered dry rot or other damage.[67] During this time, Love became interested in vintage fashion.[67][68] She subsequently returned to Portland, where she formed short-lived musical projects with her friends Ursula Wehr and Robin Barbur (namely Sugar Babylon, later known as Sugar Babydoll).[a][70] Love briefly fronted Faith no More for their first TV appearance in 1984: she sang with a Siouxsie Sioux-style vocal.[71] After meeting Kat Bjelland at the Satyricon nightclub in 1984, the two formed the group the Pagan Babies.[72] Love asked Bjelland to start the band with her as a guitarist, and the two moved to San Francisco in June 1985, where they recruited bassist Jennifer Finch and drummer Janis Tanaka.[73] According to Bjelland, "[Courtney] didn't play an instrument at the time" aside from keyboards, so Bjelland would transcribe Love's musical ideas on guitar for her.[27] The group played several house shows and recorded one 4-track demo before disbanding in late 1985.[73][74] After Pagan Babies, Love moved to Minneapolis, where Bjelland had formed the group Babes in Toyland, and briefly worked as a concert promoter before returning to California.[27] Drummer Lori Barbero recalled Love's time in Minneapolis:

She lived in my house for a little while. And then we did a concert at the Orpheum. It was in 1988. It was called O-88 with Butthole Surfers, Cows & Bastards, Run Westy Run, and Babes in Toyland. And I guess Maureen [Herman] took Courtney to the airport after she stole all the money. She stayed and stayed, and then the next day she wanted me to take her to the airport. And so I drove her to the airport. She had just had some weird fight with the guy at the desk, and then she left. She said, "I'm going to go to L.A. and I'm going to get my face done and I'm going to be famous." And then she did.[75]

A woman posed for a photo staring into the camera
Love in a publicity headshot for Straight to Hell, 1986

Deciding to shift her focus to acting, Love enrolled at the San Francisco Art Institute[76] and studied film under experimental director George Kuchar,[77][78] featuring in one of his short films, Club Vatican.[79][80][81] She also took experimental theater courses in Oakland taught by Whoopi Goldberg.[82] In 1985, Love submitted an audition tape for the role of Nancy Spungen in the Sid Vicious biopic Sid and Nancy (1986) and was given a minor supporting role by director Alex Cox.[83][84] After filming Sid and Nancy in New York City, she worked at a peep show in Times Square and squatted at the ABC No Rio social center and Pyramid Club in the East Village.[85][86] That year, Cox cast her in a leading role in his film Straight to Hell (1987),[87] a Spaghetti Western starring Joe Strummer, Dennis Hopper, and Grace Jones, shot in Spain in 1986.[88][89] The film was poorly reviewed by critics,[90] but it caught the attention of Andy Warhol, who featured Love in an episode of Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes.[91] She also had a part in the 1988 Ramones music video for "I Wanna Be Sedated", appearing as a bride among dozens of party guests.[92][93][94]

Displeased by the "celebutante" fame she had attained, Love abandoned her acting career in 1988 and resumed work as a stripper in Oregon, where she was recognized by customers at a bar in the small town of McMinnville.[95] This prompted Love to go into isolation and relocate to Anchorage, Alaska, where she lived for three months to "gather her thoughts", supporting herself by working at a strip club frequented by local fishermen.[96] "I decided to move to Alaska because I needed to get my shit together and learn how to work", she said in retrospect. "So I went on this sort of vision quest. I got rid of all my earthly possessions. I had my bad little strip clothes and some big sweaters, and I moved into a trailer with a bunch of other strippers."[97]

1988–1991: Beginnings of Hole

Main articles: Hole (band) and Pretty on the Inside

She was the most gung-ho person I've ever met ... She gave 180%. I've worked with some people that you've had to coax the performance out of them. With Courtney, there was no attitude.

–Don Fleming, who co-produced Hole's debut album with Kim Gordon, on Love[98]

Woman in dress playing guitar, with a man in background
Love performing with Hole, 1989

At the end of 1988, Love taught herself to play guitar and relocated to Los Angeles,[99] where she placed an ad in a local music zine: "I want to start a band. My influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac."[100] By 1989, Love had recruited guitarist Eric Erlandson; bassist Lisa Roberts, her neighbor; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.[101] Love named the band Hole after a line from Euripides' Medea[102] ("There is a hole that pierces right through me")[103] and a conversation in which her mother told her that she could not live her life "with a hole running through her".[104] On July 23, 1989, Love married Leaving Trains vocalist James Moreland in Las Vegas;[105] the marriage was annulled the same year.[106] She later said that Moreland was a transvestite and that they had married "as a joke".[107] After forming Hole, Love and Erlandson had a romantic relationship that lasted over a year.[108]

In Hole's formative stages, Love continued to work at strip clubs in Hollywood (including Jumbo's Clown Room and the Seventh Veil),[100] saving money to purchase backline equipment and a touring van,[109] while rehearsing at a Hollywood studio loaned to her by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.[110] Hole played their first show in November 1989 at Raji's, a rock club in central Hollywood.[111] Their debut single, "Retard Girl", was issued in April 1990 through the Long Beach indie label Sympathy for the Record Industry and was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on local rock station KROQ.[27] Hole appeared on the cover of Flipside, a Los Angeles-based punk fanzine.[101] In early 1991, they released their second single, "Dicknail", through Sub Pop Records.[112]

"Garbadge Man"
Track from Pretty on the Inside (1991), illustrating Love's aggressive vocals and heavy noise rock-influenced guitar.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

With no wave, noise rock, and grindcore bands being major influences on Love,[101] Hole's first studio album, Pretty on the Inside, captured an abrasive sound and contained disturbing, graphic lyrics,[113][114] described by Q as "confrontational [and] genuinely uninhibited".[115] The record was released in September 1991 on Caroline Records, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth with assistant production from Gumball's Don Fleming; Love and Gordon had met when Hole opened for Sonic Youth during their promotional tour for Goo at the Whisky a Go Go in November 1990.[116] In early 1991, Love sent Gordon a personal letter asking her to produce the record for the band, to which she agreed.[114][117]

Pretty on the Inside received generally positive critical reception from indie and punk rock critics[118] and was named one of the 20 best albums of the year by Spin.[119] It gained a following in the United Kingdom, charting at 59 on the UK Albums Chart,[120] and its lead single, "Teenage Whore", entered the UK Indie Chart at number one.[121] The album's feminist slant led many to tag the band as part of the riot grrrl movement,[122] a movement with which Love did not associate.[123][124] The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they opened for the Smashing Pumpkins,[125] and performed at CBGB in New York City.[126]

During the tour, Love briefly dated Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan[127] and then the Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.[128] The journalist Michael Azerrad states that Love and Cobain met in 1989 at the Satyricon nightclub in Portland, Oregon. However, the Cobain biographer Charles Cross gives the date as February 12, 1990; Cross said that Cobain playfully wrestled Love to the floor after she said that he looked like Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum.[129] According to Love, she met Cobain at a Dharma Bums show in Portland,[130][131] while Love's bandmate Eric Erlandson said that he and Love were introduced to Cobain in a parking lot after a concert at the Hollywood Palladium on May 17, 1991.[108] In late 1991, Love and Cobain became re-acquainted through Jennifer Finch, one of Love's friends and former bandmates.[132][133] Love and Cobain were a couple by 1992.[134][135]

1992–1995: Marriage to Kurt Cobain, Live Through This and breakthrough

Just marrying [him] created a mythology around me that I didn't expect for myself, because I had a very controlled, five-year plan about how I was going to be successful in the rock industry. Marrying Kurt, it all kind of went sideways in a way that I could not control and I became seen in a certain light–a vilified light that made Yoko Ono look like Pollyanna–and I couldn't stop it.

–Love on her public image after marrying Kurt Cobain[136]

Shortly after completing the tour for Pretty on the Inside, Love married Cobain on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii, on February 24, 1992.[137] She wore a satin and lace dress once owned by actress Frances Farmer, and Cobain wore plaid pajamas.[138] During Love's pregnancy, Hole recorded a cover of "Over the Edge" for a Wipers tribute album,[139] and recorded their fourth single, "Beautiful Son", which was released in April 1993. On August 18, 1992 the couple's only child, a daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, was born in Los Angeles.[137] They relocated to Carnation, Washington, and then Seattle.[140][141]

Love's first major media exposure came in a September 1992 profile with Cobain for Vanity Fair by Lynn Hirschberg, entitled "Strange Love".[142] Cobain had become a major public figure following the surprise success of Nirvana's album Nevermind.[143] Love was urged by her manager to participate in the cover story.[144] During the prior year, Love and Cobain had developed a heroin addiction; the profile painted them in an unflattering light, suggesting that Love had been addicted to heroin during her pregnancy.[145] The Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services investigated, and custody of Frances was temporarily awarded to Love's sister Jaimee.[146] Love said she was misquoted by Hirschberg, and that she had immediately quit heroin during her first trimester once she discovered she was pregnant.[144][147][148] Love later said the article had serious implications for her marriage and Cobain's mental state,[149][150][151] suggesting it was a factor in his suicide two years later.[144][152]

Woman playing guitar and screaming into microphone
Love performing with Hole at Big Day Out, Melbourne, 1995

On September 8, 1993, Love and Cobain made their only public performance together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Hollywood, performing two acoustic duets of "Pennyroyal Tea" and "Where Did You Sleep Last Night".[153] Love also performed electric versions of two new Hole songs, "Doll Parts" and "Miss World", both written for their upcoming second album.[153] In October 1993, Hole recorded their second album, Live Through This, in Atlanta. The album featured a new lineup with bassist Kristen Pfaff and drummer Patty Schemel.[154]

In April 1994, Cobain killed himself in the Seattle home he shared with Love, who was in rehab in Los Angeles at the time.[154] In the following months, Love was rarely seen in public, staying at her home with friends and family.[155] Cobain's remains were cremated and his ashes divided into portions by Love, who kept some in a teddy bear and some in an urn.[155] In June, she traveled to the Namgyal Buddhist Monastery in Ithaca, New York and had Cobain's ashes ceremonially blessed by Buddhist monks. Another portion was mixed into clay and made into memorial sculptures.[155]

Live Through This was released one week after Cobain's death on Geffen's subsidiary label DGC.[154] On June 16, Pfaff died of a heroin overdose in Seattle.[156] For Hole's impending tour, Love recruited the Canadian bassist Melissa Auf der Maur.[157] Hole's performance on August 26, 1994, at the Reading Festival—Love's first public performance following Cobain's death[158][159]—was described by MTV as "by turns macabre, frightening and inspirational".[160] John Peel wrote in The Guardian that Love's disheveled appearance "would have drawn whistles of astonishment in Bedlam", and that her performance "verged on the heroic ... Love steered her band through a set which dared you to pity either her recent history or that of the band ... The band teetered on the edge of chaos, generating a tension which I cannot remember having felt before from any stage."[161]

Live Through This was certified platinum in April 1995 and received numerous accolades.[93] The success combined with Cobain's suicide produced publicity for Love, and she was featured on Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People in 1995.[162] Her erratic onstage behavior and various legal troubles during Hole's tour compounded the media coverage of her.[163] Hole performed a series of riotous concerts over the following year, with Love frequently appearing hysterical onstage, flashing crowds, stage diving, and getting into fights with audience members.[158][164] One journalist reported that at the band's show in Boston in December 1994: "Love interrupted the music and talked about her deceased husband Kurt Cobain, and also broke out into Tourette syndrome-like rants. The music was great, but the raving was vulgar and offensive, and prompted some of the audience to shout back at her."[165]

In January 1995, Love was arrested in Melbourne for disrupting a Qantas flight after getting into an argument with a stewardess.[166] On July 4, 1995, at the Lollapalooza Festival in George, Washington, Love threw a lit cigarette at musician Kathleen Hanna before punching her in the face, alleging that she had made a joke about her daughter.[167] She pleaded guilty to an assault charge and was sentenced to anger management classes.[168][169] In November 1995, two male teenagers sued Love for allegedly punching them during a Hole concert in Orlando, Florida in March 1995. The judge dismissed the case on grounds that the teens "weren't exposed to any greater amount of violence than could reasonably be expected at an alternative rock concert".[170] Love later said she had little memory of 1994 and 1995,[110] as she had been using large quantities of heroin and Rohypnol at the time.[110][171]

1996–2002: Acting success and Celebrity Skin

I went for that part so hard because I felt a need for atonement for some cultural damage that had arisen out of me and things that I had done. By doing that role, I felt that, personally and creatively, I could exemplify why this was the most un-glorious, unglamorous, fucked-up thing. And then, bang!, I was done with all that. I could fuck off and do something else.

–Love on her role in The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)[172]

After Hole's world tour concluded in 1996, Love made a return to acting, first in small roles in the Jean-Michel Basquiat biopic Basquiat and the drama Feeling Minnesota (1996),[173] and then a starring role as Larry Flynt's wife Althea in Miloš Forman's critically acclaimed 1996 film The People vs. Larry Flynt. Love went through rehabilitation and quit using heroin at the insistence of Forman; she was ordered to take multiple urine tests under the supervision of Columbia Pictures while filming, and passed all of them.[174][175] Despite Columbia Pictures' initial reluctance to hire Love due to her troubled past,[174] her performance received acclaim, earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress,[176] and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress.[177] Critic Roger Ebert called her work in the film "quite a performance; Love proves she is not a rock star pretending to act, but a true actress."[178] She won several other awards from various film critic associations for the film.[179][180] During this time, Love maintained what the media noted as a more decorous public image,[181] and she appeared in ad campaigns for Versace[182][183][184] and in a Vogue Italia spread.[185] Following the release of The People vs. Larry Flynt, she dated her co-star Edward Norton, with whom she remained until 1999.[186][187]

In late 1997, Hole released the compilations My Body, the Hand Grenade and The First Session, both of which featured previously recorded material. Love attracted media attention in May 1998 after punching journalist Belissa Cohen at a party; the suit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum.[188] In September 1998, Hole released their third studio album, Celebrity Skin, which featured a stark power pop sound that contrasted with their earlier punk influences.[189] Love divulged her ambition of making an album where "art meets commerce ... there are no compromises made, it has commercial appeal, and it sticks to [our] original vision."[189] She said she was influenced by Neil Young, Fleetwood Mac, and My Bloody Valentine when writing the album.[189][190] Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan co-wrote several songs. Celebrity Skin was well received by critics; Rolling Stone called it "accessible, fiery and intimate—often at the same time ... a basic guitar record that's anything but basic."[191] Celebrity Skin went multi-platinum, and topped "Best of Year" lists at Spin and The Village Voice.[93] It garnered Hole's only number-one single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart with "Celebrity Skin".[192] Hole promoted the album through MTV performances and at the 1998 Billboard Music Awards,[193] and were nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 41st Grammy Awards ceremony.[194]

Before the release of Celebrity Skin, Love and Fender designed a low-priced Squier brand guitar, the Vista Venus.[195] The instrument featured a shape inspired by Mercury, a little-known independent guitar manufacturer,[196] Stratocaster, and Rickenbacker's solid body guitars. It had a single-coil and a humbucker pickup and was available in 6-string and 12-string versions.[196] In an early 1999 interview, Love said about the Venus: "I wanted a guitar that sounded really warm and pop, but which required just one box to go dirty ... And something that could also be your first band guitar. I didn't want it all teched out. I wanted it real simple, with just one pickup switch."[195]

Hole toured with Marilyn Manson on the Beautiful Monsters Tour in 1999, but dropped out after nine performances; Love and Manson disagreed over production costs, and Hole was forced to open for Manson under an agreement with Interscope Records.[197] Hole resumed touring with Imperial Teen.[198][199] Love later said Hole also abandoned the tour due to Manson and Korn's (whom they also toured with in Australia) sexualized treatment of teenage female audience members.[200] Love told interviewers at 99X.FM in Atlanta: "What I really don't like—there are certain girls that like us, or like me, who are really messed up ... they're very young, and they do not need to be taken and raped, or filmed having enema contests ... [they were] going out into the audience and picking up fourteen and fifteen-year-old girls who obviously cut themselves, and then [I had] to see them in the morning ... it's just uncool."[197]

In 1999, Love was awarded an Orville H. Gibson award for Best Female Rock Guitarist.[201] During this time, she starred opposite Jim Carrey as his partner Lynne Margulies in the Andy Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon (1999), followed by a role as William S. Burroughs's wife Joan Vollmer in Beat (2000) alongside Kiefer Sutherland.[202] Love was cast as the lead in John Carpenter's sci-fi horror film Ghosts of Mars, but backed out after injuring her foot.[203] She sued the ex-wife of her then-boyfriend, James Barber, whom Love alleged had caused the injury by running over her foot with her Volvo.[204] The following year, she returned to film opposite Lili Taylor in Julie Johnson (2001), in which she played a woman who has a lesbian relationship; Love won an Outstanding Actress award at L.A.'s Outfest.[205] She was then cast in the thriller Trapped (2002), alongside Kevin Bacon and Charlize Theron.[206] The film was a box-office flop.[207]

In the interim, Hole had become dormant.[208] In March 2001, Love began a "punk rock femme supergroup", Bastard, enlisting Schemel, Veruca Salt co-frontwoman Louise Post, and bassist Gina Crosley.[209] Post recalled: "[Love] was like, 'Listen, you guys: I've been in my Malibu, manicure, movie-star world for two years, alright? I wanna make a record. And let's leave all that grunge shit behind us, eh? We were being so improvisational, and singing together, and with a trust developing between us. It was the shit."[210] The group recorded a demo tape, but by September 2001, Post and Crosley had left, with Post citing "unhealthy and unprofessional working conditions".[211][212] In May 2002, Hole announced their breakup amid continuing litigation with Universal Music Group over their record contract.[213]

In 1997, Love and former Nirvana members Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl formed a limited liability company, Nirvana LLC, to manage Nirvana's business dealings.[214] In June 2001, Love filed a lawsuit to dissolve it, blocking the release of unreleased Nirvana material and delaying the release of the Nirvana compilation With the Lights Out. Grohl and Novoselic sued Love, calling her "irrational, mercurial, self-centered, unmanageable, inconsistent and unpredictable".[215] She responded with a letter stating that "Kurt Cobain was Nirvana" and that she and his family were the "rightful heirs" to the Nirvana legacy.[216]

In February 2003, Love was arrested at Heathrow Airport for disrupting a flight and was banned from Virgin Airlines.[217] In October, she was arrested in Los Angeles after breaking several windows of her producer and then-boyfriend James Barber's home and was charged with being under the influence of a controlled substance;[218] the ordeal resulted in her temporarily losing custody of her daughter.[219]

After the breakup of Hole, Love began composing material with songwriter Linda Perry, and in July 2003 signed a contract with Virgin Records.[220] She began recording her debut solo album, America's Sweetheart, in France shortly after.[221] Virgin Records released America's Sweetheart in February 2004; it received mixed reviews.[222] Charles Aaron of Spin called it a "jaw-dropping act of artistic will and a fiery, proper follow-up to 1994's Live Through This" and awarded it eight out of ten,[223] while Amy Phillips of The Village Voice wrote: "[Love is] willing to act out the dream of every teenage brat who ever wanted to have a glamorous, high-profile hissyfit, and she turns those egocentric nervous breakdowns into art. Sure, the art becomes less compelling when you've been pulling the same stunts for a decade. But, honestly, is there anybody out there who fucks up better?"[224] The album sold fewer than 100,000 copies.[93] Love later expressed regret over the record,[225] blaming her drug problems at the time.[226] Shortly after it was released, she told Kurt Loder on TRL: "I cannot exist as a solo artist. It's a joke."[227]

On March 17, 2004, Love appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to promote America's Sweetheart.[228] Her appearance drew media coverage when she lifted her shirt multiple times,[229] flashed Letterman, and stood on his desk.[228] The New York Times wrote: "The episode was not altogether surprising for Ms. Love, 39, whose most public moments have veered from extreme pathos—like the time she read the suicide note of her famous husband, Kurt Cobain, on MTV—to angry feminism to catfights to incoherent ranting."[230] Hours later, in the early morning of March 18, Love was arrested in Manhattan for allegedly striking a fan with a microphone stand during a small concert in the East Village.[230] She was released within hours and performed a scheduled concert the following evening at the Bowery Ballroom.[230] Four days later, she called in multiple times to The Howard Stern Show, claiming in broadcast conversations with Stern that the incident had not occurred, and that actress Natasha Lyonne, who was at the concert, was told by the alleged victim that he had been paid $10,000 to file a false claim leading to Love's arrest.[231][232]

On July 9, 2004, her 40th birthday, Love was arrested for failing to make a court appearance for the March 2004 charges, and taken to Bellevue Hospital, allegedly incoherent, where she was placed on a 72-hour watch.[233] According to police, she was believed to be a potential danger to herself, but deemed mentally sound and released to a rehab facility two days later.[234][235] Amidst public criticism and press coverage, comedian Margaret Cho published an opinion piece, "Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists", arguing that negative associations of Love with her drug and personal problems (including from feminists) overshadowed her music and wellbeing.[236] Love pleaded guilty in October 2004 to disorderly conduct over the incident in East Village.[237]

Woman in corset holding microphone onstage
Love performing in London, 2007

Love's appearance as a roaster on the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson in August 2005, in which she appeared intoxicated and disheveled, attracted further media attention.[238] One review said that Love "acted as if she belonged in an institution".[238] Six days after the broadcast, Love was sentenced to a 28-day lockdown rehab program for being under the influence of a controlled substance, violating her probation.[239] To avoid jail time, she accepted an additional 180-day rehab sentence in September 2005.[240] In November 2005, after completing the program, Love was discharged from the rehab center under the provision that she complete further outpatient rehab.[241] In subsequent interviews, Love said she had been addicted to substances including prescription drugs, cocaine, and crack cocaine.[242][243] She said she had been sober since completing rehabilitation in 2007, and cited her Soka Gakkai Buddhist practice (which she began in 1988)[244][245] as integral to her sobriety.[246][247]

In the midst of her legal troubles, Love had endeavors in writing and publishing. She co-wrote a semi-autobiographical manga, Princess Ai (Japanese: プリンセス·アイ物語), with Stu Levy, illustrated by Misaho Kujiradou and Ai Yazawa; it was released in three volumes in the United States and Japan between 2004 and 2006.[248][249] In 2006, Love published a memoir, Dirty Blonde, and began recording her second solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean,[250] collaborating again with Perry and Billy Corgan. Love had written several songs, including an anti-cocaine song titled "Loser Dust", during her time in rehab in 2005.[251] She told Billboard: "My hand-eye coordination was so bad [after the drug use], I didn't even know chords anymore. It was like my fingers were frozen. And I wasn't allowed to make noise [in rehab] ... I never thought I would work again."[252] Tracks and demos for the album leaked online in 2006, and a documentary, The Return of Courtney Love, detailing the making of the album, aired on the British television network More4 in the fall of that year. A rough acoustic version of "Never Go Hungry Again", recorded during an interview for The Times in November, was also released. Incomplete audio clips of the song "Samantha", originating from an interview with NPR, were distributed on the internet in 2007.[253]

2009–2012: Hole revival and visual art

Two women facing an audience, holding microphones
Love with Patty Schemel (left) at the premiere of Hit So Hard at the Museum of Modern Art, 2011

In March 2009, fashion designer Dawn Simorangkir brought a libel suit against Love concerning a defamatory post Love made on her Twitter account,[254] which was eventually settled for $450,000.[255] Several months later, in June 2009, NME published an article detailing Love's plan to reunite Hole and release a new album, Nobody's Daughter.[256] In response, former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson stated in Spin magazine that contractually no reunion could take place without his involvement; therefore Nobody's Daughter would remain Love's solo record, as opposed to a "Hole" record.[257] Love responded to Erlandson's comments in a Twitter post, claiming "he's out of his mind, Hole is my band, my name, and my Trademark".[258] Nobody's Daughter was released worldwide as a Hole album on April 27, 2010. For the new line-up, Love recruited guitarist Micko Larkin, Shawn Dailey (bass guitar), and Stu Fisher (drums, percussion). Nobody's Daughter featured material written and recorded for Love's unfinished solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean, including "Pacific Coast Highway", "Letter to God", "Samantha", and "Never Go Hungry", although they were re-produced in the studio with Larkin and engineer Michael Beinhorn.[259] The album's subject matter was largely centered on Love's tumultuous life between 2003 and 2007, and featured a polished folk rock sound, and more acoustic guitar work than previous Hole albums.[260]

Woman with hands on hips, with a guitar, speaking into a microphone
Love performing with Hole at Afisha Picnic in Moscow, 2011

The first single from Nobody's Daughter was "Skinny Little Bitch", released to promote the album in March 2010.[261] The album received mixed reviews.[262] Robert Sheffield of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five, saying Love "worked hard on these songs, instead of just babbling a bunch of druggy bullshit and assuming people would buy it, the way she did on her 2004 flop, America's Sweetheart".[263] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine also gave the album three out of five: "It's Marianne Faithfull's substance-ravaged voice that comes to mind most often while listening to songs like 'Honey' and 'For Once in Your Life'. The latter track is, in fact, one of Love's most raw and vulnerable vocal performances to date ... the song offers a rare glimpse into the mind of a woman who, for the last 15 years, has been as famous for being a rock star as she's been for being a victim."[264] Love and the band toured internationally from 2010 into late 2012 promoting the record, with their pre-release shows in London and at South by Southwest receiving critical acclaim.[225] In 2011, Love participated in Hit So Hard, a documentary chronicling bandmate Schemel's time in Hole.[265]

In May 2012, Love debuted an art collection at Fred Torres Collaborations in New York titled "And She's Not Even Pretty",[266] which contained over 40 drawings and paintings by Love composed in ink, colored pencil, pastels, and watercolors.[267][268] Later in the year, she collaborated with Michael Stipe on the track "Rio Grande" for Johnny Depp's sea shanty album Son of Rogues Gallery,[269] and in 2013, co-wrote and contributed vocals on "Rat A Tat" from Fall Out Boy's album Save Rock and Roll, also appearing in the song's music video.[270]

2013–2015: Return to acting; libel lawsuits

After dropping the Hole name and performing as a solo artist[271] in late 2012,[272] Love appeared in spring 2013 advertisements for Yves Saint Laurent alongside Kim Gordon and Ariel Pink.[273] Love completed a solo tour of North America in mid-2013,[274][275] which was purported to be in promotion of an upcoming solo album; however, it was ultimately dubbed a "greatest hits" tour, and featured songs from Love's and Hole's back catalogue.[276] Love told Billboard at the time that she had recorded eight songs in the studio.[277]

Love was subject of a second landmark libel lawsuit brought against her in January 2014 by her former attorney Rhonda Holmes, who accused Love of online defamation, seeking $8 million in damages.[278] It was the first case of alleged Twitter-based libel in U.S. history to make it to trial.[279] The jury, however, found in Love's favor.[278] A subsequent defamation lawsuit filed by fashion designer Simorangkir in February 2014, however, resulted in Love being ordered to pay a further $350,000 in recompense.[255]

On April 22, 2014, Love debuted the song "You Know My Name" on BBC Radio 6 to promote her tour of the United Kingdom.[280] It was released as a double A-side single with the song "Wedding Day" on May 4, 2014, on her own label Cherry Forever Records via Kobalt Label Services.[281] The tracks were produced by Michael Beinhorn, and feature Tommy Lee on drums.[282] In an interview with the BBC, Love revealed that she and former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson had reconciled, and had been rehearsing new material together, along with former bassist Melissa Auf der Maur and drummer Patty Schemel, though she did not confirm a reunion of the band.[283] On May 1, 2014, in an interview with Pitchfork, Love commented further on the possibility of Hole reuniting, saying: "I'm not going to commit to it happening, because we want an element of surprise. There's a lot of is to be dotted and ts to be crossed."[284][285]

Woman onstage, holding guitar and looking down, smiling
Love performing in Ventura, California, 2015

Love was cast in several television series in supporting parts throughout 2014, including the FX series Sons of Anarchy,[286] Revenge,[287] and Lee Daniels' network series Empire in a recurring guest role as Elle Dallas.[288] The track "Walk Out on Me", featuring Love, was included on the Empire: Original Soundtrack from Season 1 album, which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200.[289] Alexis Petridis of The Guardian praised the track, saying: "The idea of Courtney Love singing a ballad with a group of gospel singers seems faintly terrifying ... The reality is brilliant. Love's voice fits the careworn lyrics, effortlessly summoning the kind of ravaged darkness that Lana Del Rey nearly ruptures herself trying to conjure up."[290]

In January 2015, Love starred in a New York City stage production, Kansas City Choir Boy, a "pop opera" conceived by and co-starring Todd Almond.[291] Charles Isherwood of The New York Times praised her performance, noting a "soft-edged and bewitching" stage presence, and wrote: "Her voice, never the most supple or rangy of instruments, retains the singular sound that made her an electrifying front woman for the band Hole: a single sustained noted can seem to simultaneously contain a plea, a wound and a threat."[292] The show toured later in the year, with performances in Boston and Los Angeles.[293] In April 2015, the journalist Anthony Bozza sued Love, alleging a contractual violation regarding his co-writing of her memoir.[294] Love performed as the opening act for Lana Del Rey on her Endless Summer Tour for eight West Coast shows in May and June 2015.[295] During her tenure, Love debuted the single "Miss Narcissist", released on Wavves' independent label Ghost Ramp.[296] She was also cast in a supporting role in James Franco's film The Long Home, based on the novel by William Gay, her first film role in over ten years;[297] as of 2022, it remains unreleased.[298]

2016–present: Fashion and forthcoming music

Love in 2016

In January 2016, Love released a clothing line in collaboration with Sophia Amoruso, "Love, Courtney", featuring 18 pieces reflecting her personal style.[299] In November 2016, she began filming the pilot for A Midsummer's Nightmare, a Shakespeare anthology series adapted for Lifetime.[300] She starred as Kitty Menendez in Menendez: Blood Brothers, a biopic television film based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menendez, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2017.[301]

In 2017, Love accompanied the museum director Nicholas Cullinan to the GQ Men of the Year awards at the Tate Modern, calling him her "soulmate" and her "family for life".[302]

In October 2017, shortly after the Harvey Weinstein scandal made news, a 2005 video of Love warning young actresses about Weinstein went viral.[303][304] In the footage, while on the red carpet for the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson, Love was asked by Natasha Leggero if she had any advice for "a young girl moving to Hollywood"; she responded, "If Harvey Weinstein invites you to a private party in the Four Seasons [hotel], don't go."[303] She later tweeted, "Although I wasn't one of his victims, I was eternally banned by [Creative Artists Agency] for speaking out."[305][306]

In the same year, Love was cast in Justin Kelly's biopic JT LeRoy, portraying a film producer opposite Laura Dern.[307] In March 2018, she appeared in the music video for Marilyn Manson's "Tattooed in Reverse",[308] and in April she appeared as a guest judge on RuPaul's Drag Race.[309] In December, Love was awarded a restraining order against Sam Lutfi, who had acted as her manager for the previous six years, alleging verbal abuse and harassment.[310] Her daughter, Frances, and sister, Jaimee, were also awarded restraining orders against Lutfi.[310] In January 2019, a Los Angeles County judge extended the three-year order to five years, citing Lutfi's tendency to "prey upon people".[311]

On August 18, 2019, Love performed a solo set at the Yola Día festival in Los Angeles, which also featured performances by Cat Power and Lykke Li.[312] On September 9, Love garnered press attention when she publicly criticized Joss Sackler, an heiress to the Sackler family OxyContin fortune, after she allegedly offered Love $100,000 to attend her fashion show during New York Fashion Week.[313] In the same statement, Love indicated that she had relapsed into opioid addiction in 2018, stating that she had recently celebrated a year of sobriety.[313] In October 2019, Love relocated from Los Angeles to London.[314]

On November 21, 2019, Love recorded the song "Mother", written and produced by Lawrence Rothman, as part of the soundtrack for the horror film The Turning (2020).[315] In January 2020, she received the Icon Award at the NME Awards; NME described her as "one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years".[316] The following month, she confirmed she was writing a new record which she described as "really sad ... [I'm] writing in minor chords, and that appeals to my sadness."[317] In March 2021, Love said she had been hospitalized with acute anemia in August 2020, which had nearly killed her and reduced her weight to 97 pounds (44 kg); she made a full recovery.[318]

In August 2022, Love revealed the completion of her memoir, The Girl with the Most Cake, after a nearly ten-year period of writing.[319]

It was announced on May 15, 2023, that Love had been cast in Assassination, a biographical film about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, directed by David Mamet and co-starring Viggo Mortensen, Shia LaBeouf, Al Pacino, and John Travolta.[320]

Artistry

Influences

Love has been candid about her diverse musical influences, the earliest being Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, artists she discovered while in juvenile hall as a young teenager.[40] As a child, her first exposure to music was records that her parents received each month through Columbia Record Club.[321] The first record Love owned was Leonard Cohen's Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967), which she obtained from her mother: "He was so lyric-conscious and morbid, and I was a pretty morbid kid", she recalled.[321] As a teenager, she named Flipper, Kate Bush, Soft Cell, Joni Mitchell, Laura Nyro,[322] Lou Reed, and Dead Kennedys among her favorite artists.[323] While in Dublin at age fifteen, Love attended a Virgin Prunes concert, an event she credited as being a pivotal influence: "I had never seen so much sex, snarl, poetry, evil, restraint, grace, filth, raw power and the very essence of rock and roll", she recalled. "[I had seen] U2 [who] gave me lashes of love and inspiration, and a few nights later the Virgin Prunes fucked–me–up."[324] Decades later, in 2009, Love introduced the band's frontman Gavin Friday at a Carnegie Hall event, and performed a song with him.[324]

Though often associated with punk music, Love has noted that her most significant musical influences have been post-punk and new wave artists.[325] Commenting in 2021, Love said:

There's this idea of "Courtney is punk and stuck in 1995!" but that's not the case. I was more [influenced by] new wave or post-punk. My number one greatest song of all time is "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division, and I will take no fucking prisoners in that battle. But the band that affected me more than even Leonard Cohen and Bob Dylan was Echo and the Bunnymen.[325]

Over the years, Love has also named several other new wave and post-punk bands as influences, including the Smiths,[326] Siouxsie and the Banshees,[327] Television,[327] and Bauhaus.[326]

Love's diverse genre interests were illustrated in a 1991 interview with Flipside, in which she stated: "There's a part of me that wants to have a grindcore band and another that wants to have a Raspberries-type pop band."[101] Discussing the abrasive sound of Hole's debut album, she said she felt she had to "catch up with all my hip peers who'd gone all indie on me, and who made fun of me for liking R.E.M. and The Smiths."[322] She has also embraced the influence of experimental artists and punk rock groups, including Sonic Youth, Swans,[328] Big Black, Diamanda Galás,[329] the Germs, and the Stooges.[330] While writing Celebrity Skin, she drew influence from Neil Young and My Bloody Valentine.[189] She has also cited her contemporary PJ Harvey as an influence, saying: "The one rock star that makes me know I'm shit is Polly Harvey. I'm nothing next to the purity that she experiences."[331]

Literature and poetry have often been a major influence on her songwriting; Love said she had "always wanted to be a poet, but there was no money in it."[332] She has named the works of T.S. Eliot and Charles Baudelaire as influential,[333][334] and referenced works by Dante Rossetti,[335] William Shakespeare,[336] Rudyard Kipling, and Anne Sexton in her lyrics.[337]

Musical style and lyrics

Musically, Love's work with Hole and her solo efforts have been characterized as alternative rock;[338] Hole's early material, however, was described by critics as being stylistically closer to grindcore and aggressive punk rock.[339] Spin's October 1991 review of Hole's first album noted Love's layering of harsh and abrasive riffs buried more sophisticated musical arrangements.[340] In 1998, she stated that Hole had "always been a pop band. We always had a subtext of pop. I always talked about it, if you go back ... what'll sound like some weird Sonic Youth tuning back then to you was sounding like the Raspberries to me, in my demented pop framework."[189]

Love's lyrical content is composed from a female's point of view,[341] and her lyrics have been described as "literate and mordant"[342] and noted by scholars for "articulating a third-wave feminist consciousness."[343] Simon Reynolds, in reviewing Hole's debut album, noted: "Ms. Love's songs explore the full spectrum of female emotions, from vulnerability to rage. The songs are fueled by adolescent traumas, feelings of disgust about the body, passionate friendships with women and the desire to escape domesticity. Her lyrical style could be described as emotional nudism."[341] Journalist and critic Kim France, in critiquing Love's lyrics, referred to her as a "dark genius" and likened her work to that of Anne Sexton.[344]

Love has remarked that lyrics have always been the most important component of songwriting for her: "The important thing for me ... is it has to look good on the page. I mean, you can love Led Zeppelin and not love their lyrics ... but I made a big effort in my career to have what's on the page mean something."[345] Common themes present in Love's lyrics during her early career included body image, rape, suicide, conformity, pregnancy, prostitution, and death.[346][347] In a 1991 interview with Everett True, she said: "I try to place [beautiful imagery] next to fucked up imagery, because that's how I view things ... I sometimes feel that no one's taken the time to write about certain things in rock, that there's a certain female point of view that's never been given space."[348]

Critics have noted that Love's later musical work is more lyrically introspective.[349] Celebrity Skin and America's Sweetheart are lyrically centered on celebrity life, Hollywood, and drug addiction, while continuing Love's interest in vanity and body image. Nobody's Daughter was lyrically reflective of Love's past relationships and her struggle for sobriety, with the majority of its lyrics written while she was in rehab in 2006.[350]

Performance

Love, playing a Rickenbacker 360 in 2010, has played both Fender and Rickenbacker guitars throughout her career

Love has a contralto vocal range.[351] According to Love, she never wanted to be a singer, but rather aspired to be a skilled guitarist: "I'm such a lazy bastard though that I never did that", she said. "I was always the only person with the nerve to sing, and so I got stuck with it."[333] She has been regularly noted by critics for her husky vocals as well as her "banshee [-like]" screaming abilities.[352][353] Her vocals have been compared to those of Johnny Rotten,[354][355] and David Fricke of Rolling Stone described them as "lung-busting" and "a corrosive, lunatic wail".[354] Upon the release of Hole's 2010 album, Nobody's Daughter, Amanda Petrusich of Pitchfork compared Love's raspy, unpolished vocals to those of Bob Dylan.[356] In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Love at number 130 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[357]

She has played a variety of Fender guitars throughout her career, including a Jaguar and a vintage 1965 Jazzmaster; the latter was purchased by the Hard Rock Cafe and is on display in New York City.[358] Between 1989 and 1991, Love primarily played a Rickenbacker 425[359] because she "preferred the 3/4 neck",[195] but she destroyed the guitar onstage at a 1991 concert opening for the Smashing Pumpkins.[125] In the mid-1990s, she often played a guitar made by Mercury, an obscure company that manufactured custom guitars,[196] as well as a Univox Hi-Flier.[360] Fender's Vista Venus, designed by Love in 1998, was partially inspired by Rickenbacker guitars as well as her Mercury.[196] During tours after the release of Nobody's Daughter (post-2010), Love has played a Rickenbacker 360 onstage.[361] Her setup has included Fender tube gear, Matchless, Ampeg, Silvertone and a solid-state 1976 Randall Commander.[195]

Love has referred to herself as "a shit guitar player", further commenting in a 2014 interview: "I can still write a song, but [the guitar playing] sounds like shit ... I used to be a good rhythm player but I am no longer dependable."[362] Throughout her career, she has also garnered a reputation for unpredictable live shows.[164] In the 1990s, her performances with Hole were characterized by confrontational behavior, with Love stage diving, smashing guitars[125] or throwing them into the audience,[363] wandering into the crowd at the end of sets,[363] and engaging in sometimes incoherent rants.[165] Critics and journalists have noted Love for her comical, often stream-of-consciousness-like stage banter.[364][365] Music journalist Robert Hilburn wrote in 1993 that, "rather than simply scripted patter, Love's comments between songs [have] the natural feel of someone who is sharing her immediate feelings."[366] In a review of a live performance published in 2010, it was noted that Love's onstage "one-liners [were] worthy of the Comedy Store."[365]

Philanthropy

In 1993, Love and husband Kurt Cobain performed an acoustic set together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Los Angeles, which raised awareness and provided resources for victims of sexual abuse.[153] In 2000, Love publicly advocated for reform of the record industry in a personal letter published by Salon.[367] In the letter, Love said: "It's not piracy when kids swap music over the Internet using Napster or Gnutella or Freenet or iMesh or beaming their CDs into a My.MP3.com or MyPlay.com music locker. It's piracy when those guys that run those companies make side deals with the cartel lawyers and label heads so that they can be 'the label's friend', and not the artists'."[367] In a subsequent interview with Carrie Fisher, she said that she was interested in starting a union for recording artists,[19] and also discussed race relations in the music industry, advocating for record companies to "put money back into the black community [whom] white people have been stealing from for years."[368]

Love has been a long-standing supporter of LGBT causes.[369] She has frequently collaborated with Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, taking part in the center's "An Evening with Women" events.[370] The proceeds of the event help provide food and shelter for homeless youth; services for seniors; legal assistance; domestic violence services; health and mental health services, and cultural arts programs. Love participated with Linda Perry for the event in 2012, and performed alongside Aimee Mann and comedian Wanda Sykes. Speaking on her collaboration on the event, Love said: "Seven thousand kids in Los Angeles a year go out on the street, and forty percent of those kids are gay, lesbian, or transgender. They come out to their parents, and become homeless ... for whatever reason, I don't really know why, but gay men have a lot of foundations—I've played many of them—but the lesbian side of it doesn't have as much money and/or donors, so we're excited that this has grown to cover women and women's affairs."[371]

She has also contributed to AIDS organizations, partaking in benefits for amfAR[372] and the RED Campaign.[373] In May 2011, she donated six of her husband Cobain's personal vinyl records for auction at Mariska Hargitay's Joyful Heart Foundation event for victims of child abuse, rape, and domestic violence.[374] She has also supported the Sophie Lancaster Foundation.[375]

Legacy

Woman playing guitar, with her left leg up on a monitor.
Love, pictured in 2015, with her leg supported on the monitor, noted by critics as one of her signature stage moves[103][376]

Love has had an impact on female-fronted alternative acts and performers.[377] She has been cited as influential on young female instrumentalists in particular,[378] having once infamously proclaimed: "I want every girl in the world to pick up a guitar and start screaming ...[379] I strap on that motherfucking guitar and you cannot fuck with me. That's my feeling."[380] In The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon, it is noted:

[Love] truly lived up to Paul Westerberg's (The Replacements) assessment of pretty girls "playing makeup/wearing guitar" ... She frequently stood on stage, microphone in hand and foot on monitor, and simply let her Fender guitar dangle around her neck. She truly embodied the empowerment that came with playing the electric guitar ... Love depended heavily upon her male lead guitar foil Eric Erlandson, but the rest of her band remained exclusively female throughout several lineup changes.[376]

When you're dying and your life is flashing before your eyes ... you're gonna be thinking about the great things you did, the horrible things that you did, the emotional impact that someone had on you and that you had on somebody else. Those are the things that are relevant. To have some sort of emotional impact that transcends time, that's great.

–Love on having a cultural impact, 1997[381]

With over 3 million records sold in the United States alone,[b] Hole became one of the most successful rock bands of all time fronted by a woman.[378][383] VH1 ranked Love no. 69 in their list of The 100 Greatest Women in Music History in 2012.[384] In 2015, the Phoenix New Times declared Love the number one greatest female rock star of all time, writing: "To build a perfect rock star, there are several crucial ingredients: musical talent, physical attractiveness, tumultuous relationships, substance abuse, and public meltdowns, just to name a few. These days, Love seems to have rebounded from her epic tailspin and has leveled out in a slightly more normal manner, but there's no doubt that her life to date is the type of story people wouldn't believe in a novel or a movie."[385]

Among the alternative musicians who have cited Love as an influence are Scout Niblett;[386] Brody Dalle of The Distillers;[387] Dee Dee Penny of Dum Dum Girls;[388] Florence Welch;[389] Victoria Legrand of Beach House;[390] Annie Hardy of Giant Drag;[391] and Nine Black Alps.[392] Contemporary female pop artists Lana Del Rey,[393] Avril Lavigne,[394] Tove Lo,[395] and Sky Ferreira[396] have also cited Love as an influence. Love has frequently been recognized as the most high-profile contributor of feminist music during the 1990s,[397] and for "subverting [the] mainstream expectations of how a woman should look, act, and sound."[398] According to music journalist Maria Raha, "Hole was the highest-profile female-fronted band of the '90s to openly and directly sing about feminism."[399] Patti Smith, a major influence of Love's, also praised her, saying: "I hate genderizing things ... [but] when I heard Hole, I was amazed to hear a girl sing like that. Janis Joplin was her own thing; she was into Big Mama Thornton and Bessie Smith. But what Courtney Love does, I'd never heard a girl do that."[400]

She has also been a gay icon since the mid-1990s,[401] and has jokingly referred to her fanbase as consisting of "females, gay guys, and a few advanced, evolved heterosexual men."[363] Love's aesthetic image, particularly in the early 1990s, also became influential and was dubbed "kinderwhore" by critics and media. The subversive fashion mainly consisted of vintage babydoll dresses accompanied by smeared makeup and red lipstick.[113][402] MTV reporter Kurt Loder described Love as looking like "a debauched rag doll" onstage.[403][404] Love later said she had been influenced by the fashion of Chrissy Amphlett of the Divinyls.[405] Interviewed in 1994, Love commented "I would like to think–in my heart of hearts–that I'm changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music. Not that I'm so desirable. I didn't do the kinder-whore thing because I thought I was so hot. When I see the look used to make one more appealing, it pisses me off. When I started, it was a What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? thing. My angle was irony."[31]

Discography

Main article: Courtney Love discography

Solo discography

with Hole

Main article: Hole discography

Filmography

Main article: Courtney Love filmography

Bibliography

  • Levy, Stu; Love, Courtney (2004). Princess Ai: Destitution. Vol. 1. Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan]. ISBN 978-1-59182-669-9.
  • Levy, Stu; Love, Courtney (2005). Princess Ai: Lumination. Vol. 2. Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan]. ISBN 978-1-59182-670-5.
  • Levy, Stu; Love, Courtney (2006). Princess Ai: Evolution. Vol. 3. Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan]. ISBN 978-1-59182-671-2.
  • Love, Courtney (2006). Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-86547-959-3.

Footnotes

  1. ^ There are several different versions in circulation of how Sugar Babydoll (and later, Pagan Babies) formed. The version told in the E! True Hollywood Story as told by Kat Bjelland fails to mention the alternate names of the group, though Love's 1998 biography by Poppy Z. Brite notes the shift in name from Sugar Babylon to Sugar Babydoll.[69]
  2. ^ As of 2003, Pretty on the Inside had sold over 200,000 copies in the U.S.;[382] Live Through This, 1,600,000; Celebrity Skin, 1,400,000 (the latter two per 2010 approximations).[383]

References

  1. ^ a b c Brite 1998, p. 24.
  2. ^ Carroll 2005, p. 144.
  3. ^ Armstrong, Lance (February 2, 2022). "Hank Harrison, 81, played early role in Grateful Dead history". The Galt Herald. Archived from the original on August 20, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 4:30.
  5. ^ Hunter & Segalstad 2009, p. 197.
  6. ^ a b c Selvin, Joel (May 11, 1995). "Courtney and Dad – No Love Lost / He downplays estrangement, she won't see him". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015.
  7. ^ Carroll 2005, p. 131.
  8. ^ Carroll 2005, pp. 19–21.
  9. ^ Freeman, Nate (April 16, 2013). "Courtney Loveless: Family Tree Remains Mystery as Feud with Grandma Sizzles". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015.
  10. ^ Garratt, Sheryl (April 1, 2010). "Courtney Love: damage limitation". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Haslam, David (May 25, 2020). "Courtney Love in Liverpool: the Scousers who taught the grunge icon how to rock". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. ^ Acocella, Joan (May 9, 2011). "From Bad Beginnings". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on December 11, 2015.
  13. ^ Entertainment Weekly Staff (March 22, 2002). "Love is a Battlefield". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 19, 2015.
  14. ^ Lahire 2011, p. 453.
  15. ^ Buckley & Edroso 2003, p. 499.
  16. ^ Rocco & Rocco 1999, p. 224.
  17. ^ "5 Things You Might Not Know About Phil Lesh". Rhino. March 15, 2018. Archived from the original on October 26, 2024. According to Love, her father wasn't nearly as involved with the Grateful Dead as he often claimed to have been, but she really is Lesh's goddaughter. She is not, however, one of the little girls on the cover of AOXOMOXOA, so let's go ahead and put that rumor to rest finally, shall we?
  18. ^ Matheson, Whitney (June 26, 2013). "I love this book: 'Chocolates for Breakfast'". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013.
  19. ^ a b "Interview with Courtney Love". Conversations from the Edge with Carrie Fisher. March 3, 2002. Oxygen.
  20. ^ Carroll 2005, p. 230.
  21. ^ a b c d Appelo, Tim (October 9, 2006). "Courtney's Family Curse". Seattle Weekly. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
  22. ^ a b Jung 2010, pp. 188–189.
  23. ^ a b Ladd-Taylor & Umanski 1998, p. 327.
  24. ^ Hilburn, Robert (April 10, 1994). "Cover Story: The Trials of Love: Just when Courtney Love should be focusing on Hole and her career, she can't help worrying about her husband, Kurt Cobain". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  25. ^ a b Marks 1995, p. 47.
  26. ^ Brite 1998, p. 25.
  27. ^ a b c d e "Courtney Love". E! True Hollywood Story. Season 8. Episode 2. October 5, 2003. E!.
  28. ^ a b c Sessums, Kevin (June 1995). "Love Child". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012.
  29. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 24–25.
  30. ^ Carroll 2005, p. 250.
  31. ^ a b Fricke, David (December 15, 1994). "Courtney Love: Life Without Kurt". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018.
  32. ^ Carroll 2005, p. 221.
  33. ^ Kara, Scott (January 10, 2007). "Courtney Love: Dirty Blonde – The Diaries of Courtney Love". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  34. ^ Brite 1998, p. 32.
  35. ^ Marks 1995, p. 46.
  36. ^ Reisfeld 1996, p. 67.
  37. ^ "Episode 49: Courtney Love". Unqualified (Interview). Interviewed by Anna Faris. August 23, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016. I grew up in Portland
  38. ^ Iley, Chrissy (October 22, 2006). "Courting disaster". The Times. Archived from the original on February 27, 2007.
  39. ^ Love 2006, pp. 29–31.
  40. ^ a b Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 11:29.
  41. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 37–48.
  42. ^ Starr, Karla (January 17, 2006). "Linda Carroll, Unplugged". Willamette Week. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  43. ^ Brite 1998, p. 48.
  44. ^ Evans 1994, p. 65.
  45. ^ Brite 1998, p. 60.
  46. ^ Yapp 2006, event occurs at 20:20.
  47. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 44–46.
  48. ^ Brite 1998, p. 63.
  49. ^ Kennedy, Dana (August 12, 1994). "The Power of Love". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014.
  50. ^ Usinger, Mike (April 2, 2014). "From the vaults: A 1999 interview with Hole's Courtney Love". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  51. ^ Brite 1998, p. 51.
  52. ^ Brite 1998, p. 52.
  53. ^ Yahoo Staff (October 19, 2011). "Courtney Love receives honorary university award". Yahoo. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  54. ^ The Telegraph Staff (October 28, 2011). "Courtney Love – Surprising honorary degree recipients". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016.
  55. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 52–54.
  56. ^ Brite 1998, p. 55.
  57. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 54–55.
  58. ^ Brite 1998, p. 54.
  59. ^ Amoruso, Sophia (January 6, 2016). "Courtney Love – Nasty Galaxy" (Interview). #Girlboss Radio. Interviewed by Courtney Love – via SoundCloud.
  60. ^ Cope, Julian. "Julian Cope Presents Head Heritage: Drudical Q&A Miscellaneous". HeadHeritage.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Q: Is Courtney Love the adolescent??? (Jeanette) A: Oh yes.
  61. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 16:07.
  62. ^ Sutton, Michael. "Courtney Love Biography". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  63. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 16:39.
  64. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 47–48, 66–70.
  65. ^ Roshan 2012, p. 36.
  66. ^ a b c Brite 1998, p. 67.
  67. ^ a b Wilson, Eric (November 7, 2010). "Courtney Love: 'I'd Like to be Trusted Again'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  68. ^ Wicks, Amy (October 25, 2012). "Courtney Love Has Created Her First Collection and I Want It All!". Glamour. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  69. ^ Brite 1998, p. 79.
  70. ^ Marks 1995, pp. 47–48.
  71. ^ Doherty, Niall (December 18, 2023). "Watch ten rock stars from the 90s in their earlier bands". Loudersound.com/. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023.
  72. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 17:03.
  73. ^ a b Garis, Mary Grace (July 9, 2014). "The Evolution of Courtney Love". Elle. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016.
  74. ^ Evans 1994, p. 60.
  75. ^ Swensson, Andrea (March 11, 2015). "A California desert interview with Babes in Toyland". The Current. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  76. ^ Grow, Kory (May 7, 2012). "Inside Courtney Love's 'And She's Not Even Pretty' Art Exhibit". Spin. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015.
  77. ^ Korn, Jon (September 7, 2011). "Prolific, Profane and Profound: George Kuchar (1942–2011)". The Bay Citizen. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
  78. ^ "Rest in peace, George Kuchar". Harvard Film Archive Collections. Harvard University. September 7, 2011. Archived from the original on November 22, 2011.
  79. ^ "Club Vatican (1984)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  80. ^ Krahn, Angelina (April 8, 2010). "Corruption of the damned: A conversation with George Kuchar". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013. Courtney Love and Devendra Banhart appeared in Kuchar's class pictures before they were famous.
  81. ^ Lamble, David (April 15, 2010). "Beyond the Planet of the Kuchars". Bay Area Reporter. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  82. ^ Fitzsimons, Amanda (September 21, 2018). "Whoopi Goldberg Really, Really Doesn't Care". Glamour. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  83. ^ "Courtney Love: Force of Nature". BBC News Worldwide. February 4, 2003. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
  84. ^ "It Came From Kuchar". The A.V. Club. June 15, 2010. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013.
  85. ^ Scordelis, Alex (September 1, 2014). "Courtney Love Brings Anarchy to Hollywood". Paper. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015.
  86. ^ Brite 1998, p. 93.
  87. ^ Davies 2003, p. 187.
  88. ^ Brite 1998, p. 89.
  89. ^ Snyder, Michael (June 28, 1987). "Actress Love's Story Takes Happy Turn". San Francisco Examiner. p. 233 – via Newspapers.com.
  90. ^ IndieWire Staff (March 4, 2011). "Why Alex Cox Returned 'Straight to Hell'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  91. ^ The New York Times Staff (February 22, 1991). "Warhol: Where and When". The New York Times. p. 9.
  92. ^ "Rescate emotivo: "I Wanna Be Sedated" de Ramones". Rolling Stone Argentina. September 14, 2012. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016.
  93. ^ a b c d Mitchell & Reid-Walsh 2007, p. 409.
  94. ^ "Courtney Love blasts UK music scene and slags off 'America's Sweetheart' during Oxford Union speech". NME. February 13, 2010. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016.
  95. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 22:15.
  96. ^ Yarm 2011, p. 216.
  97. ^ Brite 1998, p. 94.
  98. ^ Chick 2008, p. 171.
  99. ^ Yarm 2011, p. 217.
  100. ^ a b Brite 1998, p. 100.
  101. ^ a b c d Al & Gus (September 1990). "Hole". Flipside (68).
  102. ^ Raphael 1996, p. 2.
  103. ^ a b France, Kim (June 3, 1996). "Feminism Amplified". New York: 41 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  104. ^ Reisfeld 1996, p. 64.
  105. ^ "James Arthur Moreland and Courtney Michelle Menely, 1989". Nevada Marriage Index, 1956-2005. September 20, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2020. Closed access icon
  106. ^ Apter, Jeff. "Courtney Love: The Life of Love". NY Rock. Archived from the original on February 9, 1998.
  107. ^ Brite 1998, p. 102.
  108. ^ a b Erlandson 2012, p. 7.
  109. ^ Lecaro, Lina (August 26, 2013). "Courtney Love Talks About Her L.A. Stripper Days, and Her Brawl with a Weekly Writer". LA Weekly. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018.
  110. ^ a b c Love, Courtney (May 30, 2013). "Courtney Love in Studio" (Interview). Opie and Anthony. Interviewed by Gregg Hughes; Anthony Cumia; Jim Norton. Sirius Satellite Radio. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.{{cite interview}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  111. ^ Brite 1998, p. 103.
  112. ^ "Hole: Dicknail/Burn Black". Sub Pop Records. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016.
  113. ^ a b Evans, Liz (December 11, 1991). "Calling the tune". The Guardian – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  114. ^ a b Condran, Ed (November 7, 1991). "Hole's graphic lyrics make the difference". The Courier-Post. p. 2D – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  115. ^ "Review: Pretty on the Inside by Hole". Q. October 1995. p. 138. ISSN 0955-4955.
  116. ^ "Sonic Youth: 11/01/90 – Los Angeles, California at The Whiskey". Sonic Youth Official Website. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
  117. ^ Love 2006, p. 116.
  118. ^ Brite 1998, p. 114.
  119. ^ Spencer, Lauren (December 1991). "20 Best Albums of the Year". Spin. Vol. 7, no. 9. p. 122. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  120. ^ "Pretty on the Inside". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  121. ^ "Indie Charts: September 28, 1991". The ITV Chart Show. September 28, 1991. Channel 4.
  122. ^ Bogdanov, Erlewine & Woodstra 2002, p. 532.
  123. ^ Reilly, Phoebe (October 2005). "Courtney Love: Let the healing begin". Spin. 21 (10): 70–72. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  124. ^ Brite 1998, p. 117.
  125. ^ a b c Cromelin, Richard (December 19, 1991). "Pumpkins, Hole Unleash Frustrations". Los Angeles Times. p. F9 – via Newspapers.com.
  126. ^ Richin, Leslie (December 23, 2014). "CBGB: 10 Classic Moments That Helped Define the Birthplace of Punk". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 7, 2015.
  127. ^ Yarm 2011, pp. 297–298.
  128. ^ Cross, Charles (April 5, 2014). "The Moment Kurt Cobain Met Courtney Love". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on June 9, 2017.
  129. ^ Brite 1998, p. 99.
  130. ^ Green 2003, pp. 69–70.
  131. ^ Yarm 2011, p. 294.
  132. ^ Green 2003, p. 70.
  133. ^ Yarm 2011, p. 299.
  134. ^ McCarthy, James (June 29, 2017). "The night Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love came to Newport - told by the people who were there". Wales Online. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018.
  135. ^ "Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love in Newport". BBC. July 6, 2010. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019.
  136. ^ Sandberg, Patrik (May 2015). "Courtney Love on Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck". V. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015.
  137. ^ a b Sinclair, Tom (February 19, 1999). "Encore: Kurt and Courtney's wedding". Entertainment Weekly.
  138. ^ Brite 1998, p. 131.
  139. ^ Ask For It (Media notes). Hole. Caroline Records. 1995. CAROL 1470-1.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  140. ^ Seminara, Dave (March 25, 2014). "Chasing Kurt Cobain in Washington State". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 28, 2015.
  141. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 147–150.
  142. ^ Yarm 2011, pp. 364–366.
  143. ^ Freedland, Jonathan (April 5, 2014). "Kurt Cobain: an icon of alienation". The Guardian. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  144. ^ a b c Yarm 2011, p. 365.
  145. ^ Yarm 2011, p. 367.
  146. ^ Brite 1998, p. 142.
  147. ^ Barton, Laura (December 11, 2006). "Love me do". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  148. ^ Sirota, Peggy (November 13, 1997). "Women of Rock: Courtney Love". Rolling Stone. No. 773. p. 163.
  149. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 36:42.
  150. ^ Yarm 2011, pp. 367–368.
  151. ^ Raphael 1995, p. 17.
  152. ^ Car, Erin (May 26, 2011). "Courtney Love Blames Lynn Hirschberg For Kurt Cobain's Death". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  153. ^ a b c Gladstone, Eric; Roberts, Michael; Smith, Roger Len (December 1993). "The Ballad of Kurt and Courtney". Spin. 9 (9): 46. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  154. ^ a b c Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 49:29.
  155. ^ a b c Dickinson, Amy (February 1996). "Kurt Cobain's Final Tour". Esquire.
  156. ^ Hajari, Nisid (July 8, 1994). "Hole bassist Kristen Pfaff found dead". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 29, 2018.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  157. ^ Reisfeld 1996, p. 75.
  158. ^ a b Aaron, Charles (November 1994). "Hole: Live". Spin. 16 (4): 90. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  159. ^ Irvin 2008, p. 609.
  160. ^ Green, Stuart. "Foo Fighters Inspire Mad Madness at Reading '95". MTV. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  161. ^ Cavanagh 2015, chapter: The Hall of Fame, 1995.
  162. ^ Brite 1998, p. 213.
  163. ^ Strauss, Neil (February 18, 1995). "Critic's Notebook; A Singer Spurns The Role Of Victim". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016.
  164. ^ a b Smith, Ethan (July 28, 1995). "Love's Hate Fest". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014.
  165. ^ a b "Courtney Love Rant in Boston, 1994". Celebrate Boston. CelebrateBoston.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
  166. ^ "Court Orders Courtney Love To 'Be Good' for One Month". SFGATE. January 24, 1995.
  167. ^ Smith, Ethan (July 28, 1995). "Courtney Love causes trouble at Lollapolooza". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 11, 2016.
  168. ^ MTV News Staff (July 9, 1995). "Lollapalooza Back Biting: Thurston Squeals on Courtney". MTV. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017.
  169. ^ Frankel, Daniel (May 29, 1998). "Writer Sues Courtney Love for Alleged Attack". E! Online. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  170. ^ Salamone, Debbie (November 7, 1995). "Case Against Courtney Love Thrown Out". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  171. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 1:02:31.
  172. ^ Moran, Caitlin (September 1999). "The girl who wanted to be God". Select. p. 92.
  173. ^ Brite 1998, p. 204.
  174. ^ a b "Milos Forman (The People vs Larry Flynt)". Industry Central. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015.
  175. ^ Roshan 2012, p. 44.
  176. ^ Brite 1998, p. 227.
  177. ^ "The People Vs. Larry Flynt". Rotten Tomatoes. 2011. Archived from the original on October 25, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  178. ^ Ebert, Roger (December 27, 1996). "People vs. Larry Flynt: Review by Roger Ebert". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012.
  179. ^ "The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996) awards". The New York Times. 2016. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
  180. ^ Brite 1998, pp. 227–228.
  181. ^ Entertainment Weekly Staff (January 10, 1997). "The Hole truth: Courtney Love". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  182. ^ Avedon, Richard (April 6, 1998). "Versace advertising spread featuring Courtney Love". The New Yorker. p. 49. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
  183. ^ Persad, Michelle (July 9, 2013). "Courtney Love Is Fashion's Biggest Badass". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017.
  184. ^ O'Neill, Anne-Marie (November 2, 1998). "Altered States". People. Vol. 50. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018.
  185. ^ "Courtney Love". Vogue Italia. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016.
  186. ^ Moran, Caitlin (November 9, 2006). "Love, actually". The Times. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007.
  187. ^ Rush & Molloy (March 14, 2010). "Courtney Love Says Edward Norton is Mediator Between her and Daughter Frances Bean". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013.
  188. ^ Rush, George; Molloy, Joanna; Baram, Marcus (May 31, 1998). "War of the Rosses: What's Value of Splitsville Stock?". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.
  189. ^ a b c d e The Interview (CD). Hole. Geffen. 1998. PRO-CD-1232.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  190. ^ Hole et al. 1999, p. 3.
  191. ^ Hunter, James (September 1, 1998). "James Hunter reviews Celebrity Skin". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016.
  192. ^ "Alternative Songs: Top Alternative Songs Chart". Billboard. November 7, 1998. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016.
  193. ^ Bell, Carrie (December 5, 1998). "DGC's Hole Harnessing a 'Newfound Energy'". Billboard. p. 89 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  194. ^ "1999 Grammy Awards – The Big Picture". CNN. February 24, 1999. Archived from the original on May 14, 2001.
  195. ^ a b c d "Hole Tones: The Secrets Of Celebrity Skin's Smooth Sound". Guitar World. Vol. 19, no. 1. January 1999. p. 55. ISSN 1045-6295. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009.
  196. ^ a b c d Bacon 2012, p. 106.
  197. ^ a b Love, Courtney (June 7, 2002). "Interview with Courtney Love; "Hold on to Me"" (Interview). Interviewed by Axel Lowe and Jill. 99X.FM.
  198. ^ MTV News Staff (March 15, 1999). "Hole Walks Out on Tour, Manson Injury Postpones Several Dates". MTV. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
  199. ^ MTV News Staff (March 15, 1999). "Marilyn Manson Says Hole's Departure From Tour "Not A Personal Thing"". MTV. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
  200. ^ Chonin, Neva (September 16, 1999). "Woodstalkers / On the verge of a sonic-sexual Dark Age". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017.
  201. ^ "Brian Setzer, Courtney Love, John Fogerty, Lisa Loeb Honored at 1999 Gibson Guitar Awards". MTV. February 24, 1999. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016.
  202. ^ Hemmer 2006, p. 35.
  203. ^ The Guardian Staff (February 2, 2001). "Will Courtney Love find time for Paula Yates?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014.
  204. ^ Saraceno, Christina (January 5, 2001). "Courtney Love Sues Boyfriend's Ex-Wife". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019.
  205. ^ Kowalski, Eileen (July 23, 2001). "Outfest fetes 'G-d,' 'L.I.E.'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
  206. ^ Holden, Stephen (September 21, 2002). "Trapped (2002) Film Review; When a Perfect Scheme Doesn't Work Perfectly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
  207. ^ "Trapped (2002)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  208. ^ Saraceno, Christina (May 24, 2002). "Hole Call It Quits". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015.
  209. ^ Kemp, Rob (March 8, 2001). "Courtney Love Unveils Lineup of Femme-Punk Project Bastard". MTV. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018.
  210. ^ "Warts and all". Classic Rock. No. 30. August 2001. p. 20. ISSN 1464-7834.
  211. ^ Schumacher-Rasmussen, Eric (September 7, 2001). "Love Shopping Bastard Demo, Looking for New Bandmates". MTV. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  212. ^ Weston, Colin (May 4, 2001). "Sort The 'Bastard' Out". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008.
  213. ^ Levy, Doug (December 30, 2002). "A Month-by-Month Guide to the Musical Mayhem and Mirth of 2002". CMJ New Music Report. 74 (795): 6 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  214. ^ van Horn, Teri (June 29, 2001). "Courtney Love Sues Grohl And Novoselic, Blocks Nirvana Rarity". MTV News. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
  215. ^ Grow, Kory (June 18, 2014). "Courtney Love: It's Time to 'Make Amends' With Dave Grohl". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
  216. ^ Dansby, Andrew (December 18, 2001). "Courtney Fires Back". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
  217. ^ BBC Staff (February 5, 2003). "Love blames 'potty mouth' for arrest". BBC News. Archived from the original on October 3, 2016.
  218. ^ Smolowe, Jill (November 3, 2003). "When Love Isn't Enough". People. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016.
  219. ^ Kaufman, Gil (October 24, 2003). "Courtney Love Trades Blows With Kurt Cobain's Mom, Admits to Oxycontin OD". MTV. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  220. ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (July 11, 2003). "'A Lot of God and a Lot of Sex' on Courtney Love Solo Album". MTV. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018.
  221. ^ Behind the Music 2010, event occurs at 1:11:50.
  222. ^ "Reviews for America's Sweetheart by Courtney Love". Metacritic. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016.
  223. ^ Aaron, Charles (March 9, 2004). "Courtney Love, America's Sweetheart Review". Spin. Archived from the original on September 17, 2015.
  224. ^ Phillips, Amy (February 23, 2004). "A big juicy fuckup for hissyfit-having little girls who hate being little girls". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on March 7, 2004.
  225. ^ a b Bozza, Anthony (April 15, 2010). "Courtney Love's Music Therapy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010.
  226. ^ McCormick, Neil (April 5, 2014). "Courtney Love interview: 'There will be no jazz hands on Smells Like Teen Spirit'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015.
  227. ^ MTV News Staff (March 19, 2004). "Love, Grievous Angel: The Interview with Kurt Loder". MTV. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  228. ^ a b Sanneh, Kelefa (March 20, 2004). "Rock Review; Love Lives Through This, Rasping 'Take Care of Me'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017.
  229. ^ "Courtney Love Arrested in New York". MSNBC. March 25, 2004. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  230. ^ a b c Dewan, Shaila K. (March 19, 2004). "From Flashing Letterman to Seeing a Flash of the Badge". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018.
  231. ^ "Courtney Love call". The Howard Stern Show (Interview). Interviewed by Courtney Love. March 22, 2004.
  232. ^ Mercer, Mark (January 25, 2006). "For the week of 3/22/2004 to 3/26/2004". Marks Friggin. Howard Stern. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  233. ^ Susman, Gary (July 14, 2004). "Live Through This". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014.
  234. ^ Chung, Jen (July 10, 2004). "Courtney Love Finally Goes to Bellevue". The Gothamist. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011.
  235. ^ Chonin, Neva (October 25, 2004). "Nothing stops Courtney Love – she's been arrested, hauled off to Bellevue, but she hasn't quit speaking her mind". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
  236. ^ Cho, Margaret (July 13, 2004). "Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists". Margaret Cho Official Site. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  237. ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (October 21, 2004). "Courtney Love Enters Plea, and Nobody Else Gets Hurt". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 29, 2015.
  238. ^ a b Heffernan, Virginia (August 13, 2005). "Roast of Pamela Anderson – Review". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  239. ^ "Courtney Love Ordered Into Drug Rehab". Billboard. August 19, 2005. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  240. ^ "Courtney Love sentenced to 180 days in rehab". Today. September 16, 2005. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  241. ^ "Judge lets Courtney Love leave rehab". Today. November 18, 2005. Archived from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  242. ^ "Courtney Love Says 'Letterman Years' Were Caused By Cocaine". MTV. April 28, 2010. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012.
  243. ^ Gustini, Ray (May 26, 2011). "Courtney Love Has a Very Clear Memory of Being on Drugs". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on April 9, 2018.
  244. ^ Sevinc, Bihter (June 23, 2023). "Courtney Love Explains Why She Isn't Worried For Kurt Cobain". RockCelebrities.net.
  245. ^ Catarinella, Alex (October 13, 2017). "What Courtney Love Can't Live Without". New York Magazine.
  246. ^ US Weekly Staff (June 25, 2013). "Courtney Love: Stop calling me a 'drug freak'". US Weekly. Archived from the original on October 1, 2012.
  247. ^ Roshan 2012, p. 28.
  248. ^ Balog, Kathy (July 15, 2004). "Courtney Love: Cartoon character". USA Today. ISSN 0734-7456. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009.
  249. ^ Yadao 2009, p. 54.
  250. ^ Yapp 2006, event occurs at 7:18.
  251. ^ Lash, Jolie (February 3, 2006). "Courtney Is Cleared, Ready To Rock". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016.
  252. ^ Billboard Staff (October 20, 2006). "Love Wants Her Throne Back on New Album". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 15, 2018.
  253. ^ Ulaby, Neda (May 15, 2007). "Rebuilding Courtney Love, One Song at a Time". NPR. Archived from the original on September 8, 2016.
  254. ^ "Simorangkir v. Love". Digital Media Law Project. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society of Harvard Law School. March 26, 2009. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  255. ^ a b Grebey, James (August 31, 2015). "Courtney Love Pays $350,000 to Settle Twitter-Based Defamation Lawsuit". Spin. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  256. ^ Martin, Dan (June 17, 2009). "The Return Of Hole – Courtney Love's In-The-Studio Video Diary". NME. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012.
  257. ^ Peisner, David (July 9, 2009). "Q&A: Hole's Eric Erlandson". Spin. Archived from the original on August 11, 2018.
  258. ^ Hyclak, Anna (July 16, 2009). "Courtney Love to Eric Erlandson: "Hole Is MY Band!"". Spin. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016.
  259. ^ "New releases from Courtney Love, Nick Cave and others". The Star-Ledger. April 23, 2010. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
  260. ^ Caldwell, Michael (June 12, 2010). "Nobody's Daughter". San Diego Reader. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016.
  261. ^ Kreps, Daniel (March 26, 2010). "Hole Reveal Track List, Cover for April 27's "Nobody's Daughter"". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
  262. ^ "Reviews for Nobody's Daughter by Hole". Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018.
  263. ^ Sheffield, Robert (April 26, 2010). "Nobody's Daughter by Hole". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013.
  264. ^ Cinquemani, Sal (April 21, 2010). "Hole: Nobody's Daughter". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016.
  265. ^ Cooper, Leonie (March 24, 2011). "10 Things We Learn About Kurt Cobain And Courtney Love From Hit So Hard". NME. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  266. ^ Cruz, Araceli (May 3, 2012). "An Impromptu Interview With Courtney Love On The Occasion Of Her Debut Art Show". Archived from the original on July 9, 2015.
  267. ^ Yaeger, Lynn (May 1, 2012). ""And She's Not Even Pretty"; Courtney Love's Autobiographical Art Show Opens Tomorrow". Vogue. Archived from the original on December 26, 2012.
  268. ^ Ng, David (April 30, 2012). "Courtney Love attempts her first gallery show". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  269. ^ McGovern, Kyle (December 5, 2012). "Johnny Depp Ropes Tom Waits, Courtney Love, Iggy Pop for Pirate-Themed Album". Spin. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015.
  270. ^ Kaufman, Gil (March 22, 2013). "Fall Out Boy Joined By Courtney Love On 'Save Rock And Roll'". MTV. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015.
  271. ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (October 16, 2012). "Stevie Nicks Headlines Elton John's AIDS Foundation Gala in New York". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016.
  272. ^ Marikar, Sheila (January 25, 2013). "In a Cloud of Crazy, Courtney Love Rocks On". ABC. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  273. ^ Alexander, Ella (April 3, 2013). "Saint Laurent Unveils Music Project". Vogue UK. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  274. ^ Baltin, Steve (June 24, 2013). "Q&A With Courtney Love: On Her Memoir and 'I'm Still Alive' Tour". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024.
  275. ^ Adams, Gregory (May 21, 2013). "Courtney Love Extends North American Tour, Adds Vancouver Date". Exclaim!. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016.
  276. ^ Gamboa, Glenn (June 18, 2013). "Courtney Love, on a small tour, hits Brooklyn, Huntington". Newsday. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  277. ^ Jones, Steve (July 18, 2013). "Courtney Love has new album and memoir in the works". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016.
  278. ^ a b Knoll, Corina (January 24, 2014). "Singer-actress Courtney Love wins landmark Twitter libel case". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016.
  279. ^ McCoy, Kevin (January 25, 2014). "Courtney Love tweets after Twitter trial win". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018.
  280. ^ "Steve Lamacq, 22/04/2014". BBC Radio 6 Music. BBC. Archived from the original on November 27, 2018.
  281. ^ Feeley, Nolan (April 22, 2014). "Hear Courtney Love Howl on 'You Know My Name'". Time. Archived from the original on November 5, 2016.
  282. ^ Lee, Tommy (April 23, 2014). "Here's some new jams I recorded with CL". Facebook. Archived from the original on April 25, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  283. ^ Love, Courtney (April 1, 2014). "Woman's Hour, Courtney Love; game changing politics; Lauren Owen" (Interview). Interviewed by Jane Garvey. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  284. ^ Pelly, Jenn (May 1, 2014). "Interviews: Courtney Love". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
  285. ^ "Courtney Love changes mind, will not reunite Hole's classic lineup". Consequence of Sound. July 23, 2014. Archived from the original on December 30, 2015.
  286. ^ Johns, Nikara (July 8, 2014). "Courtney Love Joins 'Sons of Anarchy' for Final Season". Variety. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
  287. ^ Bricker, Tierney (March 11, 2015). "Courtney Love's TV Takeover Continues on Revenge and You Won't Believe Who She's Playing". E!. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018.
  288. ^ O'Connell, Michael (October 23, 2014). "Courtney Love Joins Fox's 'Empire'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 1, 2017.
  289. ^ Caulfield, Keith (March 17, 2015). "'Empire' Soundtrack Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Chart, Madonna Arrives at No. 2". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018.
  290. ^ Petridis, Alexis (May 21, 2015). "Various Artists: Empire Season 1 Original Soundtrack review – pretend stars get properly famous with Timbaland's help". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 25, 2015.
  291. ^ Kozinn, Allan (October 2, 2014). "Forget Neterbko. Here's an Opera With Courtney Love". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  292. ^ Isherwood, Charles (January 11, 2015). "A Bruising Love Throbs Anew". The New York Times.
  293. ^ Goodwin, Jeremy D. (October 5, 2015). "Courtney Love is attraction, but songs carry 'Choir Boy'". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015.
  294. ^ Garvey, Marianne; Niemietz, Brian; Coleman, Oli; Maresca, Rachel (August 4, 2015). "Courtney Love denies owing biographer Anthony Bozza any money for upcoming book". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015.
  295. ^ Payne, Chris (December 1, 2014). "Lana Del Rey Announces 2015 Tour Dates With Courtney Love". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 16, 2018.
  296. ^ Camp, Zoe (May 18, 2015). "Courtney Love Releases 'Miss Narcissist' on Wavves' Ghost Ramp Label". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018.
  297. ^ Maas, Jennifer (May 4, 2015). "Casting Net: Courtney Love, Timothy Hutton, Giancarlo Esposito join James Franco's The Long Home". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  298. ^ Serben, Brandy Lynn (December 22, 2021). "James Franco speaks on sexual misconduct allegations 4 years later". MovieWeb. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  299. ^ McKenzie, Lesley (January 14, 2016). "Courtney Love, Sophia Amoruso Fete Their Nasty Gal Collab". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  300. ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (November 3, 2016). "Courtney Love Joins Lifetime's Shakespeare Anthology 'A Midsummer's Nightmare'". Variety. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  301. ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (January 31, 2017). "Lifetime Orders Menendez Brothers TV Movie Starring Courtney Love". Variety. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  302. ^ Batty, David (March 28, 2024). "Nicholas Cullinan: energetic leader tasked with British Museum overhaul". The Guardian. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  303. ^ a b Mallenbaum, Carly (October 14, 2017). "Courtney Love warned young women about Harvey Weinstein more than a decade ago". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  304. ^ Guerrasio, Jason (October 16, 2017). "Courtney Love publicly warned women to stay away from Harvey Weinstein back in 2005". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  305. ^ "Courtney Love Warns About Harvey Weinstein In 2005 Video". YouTube. CBS Los Angeles. October 16, 2017. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  306. ^ France, Lisa Respers (October 16, 2017). "Courtney Love warned women about Harvey Weinstein". CNN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  307. ^ D'Nuka, Amanda (August 1, 2017). "Kelvin Harrison Jr., Courtney Love & James Jagger Board 'JT' Biopic". Deadline. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  308. ^ Kaufman, Gil (March 21, 2018). "Marilyn Manson Teases 'Tattooed in Reverse' Video Featuring Courtney Love: Watch". Billboard. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  309. ^ Daw, Stephen (April 2, 2018). "First Look: See Courtney Love Sashay Her Way to the Judges Panel on 'RuPaul's Drag Race'". Billboard. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  310. ^ a b Burks, Tosten (December 18, 2018). "Courtney Love Alleges Ex-Manager Sam Lutfi Told Her to "Choke on Opiates and Die"". Spin. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  311. ^ Kreps, Daniel (January 2, 2019). "Courtney Love, Frances Bean Cobain Granted Restraining Order Against Ex-Manager". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  312. ^ Breihan, Tom (August 19, 2019). "Courtney Love Sings Hole Songs, Covers Echo & The Bunnymen At Lykke Li's Yola Día". Stereogum. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  313. ^ a b Nauman, Ryan (September 9, 2019). "Courtney Love Turned Down $100,000 From OxyContin Heiress To Appear At Her Fashion Show". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019.
  314. ^ "Courtney Love: "I feel like the luckiest motherfucker in the history of rock and roll"". NME. November 18, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
  315. ^ Kerrang! Staff (November 21, 2019). "Listen to Courtney Love's New Song, "Mother," from The Turning Soundtrack". Kerrang!. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019.
  316. ^ Trendell, Andrew (January 29, 2020). "Courtney Love to receive Icon Award at the NME Awards 2020". NME. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020.
  317. ^ Conti, Samantha; Theodosi, Natalie (February 18, 2020). "Courtney Love Falls for London". Women's Wear Daily. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  318. ^ Day, Nate (March 15, 2021). "Courtney Love says she 'almost died' in the hospital from anemia". Fox News. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021.
  319. ^ Murray, Tom (August 5, 2022). "Courtney Love announces she's finished her memoir after 'decade' of writing: 'F*** an untrue narrative'". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 17, 2022.
  320. ^ Ravindran, Manori (May 15, 2023). "Al Pacino, Viggo Mortensen, John Travolta, Shia LaBeouf, Rebecca Pidgeon & Courtney Love Set For David Mamet's JFK Thriller 'Assassination' — Cannes Market". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
  321. ^ a b Love, Courtney (January 24, 2018) [2014]. "The First Time With... Courtney Love" (Interview). Vol. 8, no. 1. Interviewed by Matt Everitt. BBC Radio 6.
  322. ^ a b Cooper 1994, p. 42.
  323. ^ Brite 1998, p. 65.
  324. ^ a b Atkinson, Mike (March 25, 2010). "Gavin Friday: 'You can't be what you were'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  325. ^ a b Bell, Keaton (June 2, 2021). "Courtney Love Has a New Video Series Covering Her Favorite Songs". Vogue. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021.
  326. ^ a b Love, Courtney (September 1, 1994). "The Hole Story". MTV Networks (Interview). Interviewed by Kurt Loder.
  327. ^ a b Love 2006, p. 35.
  328. ^ Wuelfing, Howard (January 6, 1997). "Swans Song". Addicted to Noise. The group count the likes of Metallica's Kirk Hammet, Henry Rollins, Courtney Love and even Jeff Buckley among its admirers.
  329. ^ Love, Courtney (February 23, 2010). "Ask Courtney Love". Clash. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  330. ^ Love, Courtney (May 30, 2013). "The Howard Stern Show" (Interview). Interviewed by Howard Stern. Sirius XM Radio. The Stooges were a really big deal to me.
  331. ^ Peisner, David (May 2013). "Let It Bleed: The Oral History of PJ Harvey's 'Rid of Me'". Spin. Archived from the original on September 17, 2015.
  332. ^ Love, Courtney (December 5, 1995). "Barbara Walters Presents: The 10 Most Fascinating People of 1995" (Interview). Interviewed by Barbara Walters. ABC News.
  333. ^ a b Love, Courtney (1995). "Courtney Love: Super Rock Interview". MTV (Interview). Interviewed by Farry, Jackie. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013.
  334. ^ "Audio of Baudelaire's Fleurs du Mal". Fleurs du Mal.org. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018.
  335. ^ Latham 2003, p. 2.
  336. ^ Clover, Joshua (October 1998). "Hole: Celebrity Skin". Spin. Reviews. 14 (10): 136. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  337. ^ Weiss, Phillip (October 1998). "The Love Issue". Spin. 14 (10): 90–100. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  338. ^ Ladd-Taylor & Umanski 1998, p. 319.
  339. ^ Lankford 2009, p. 77–8.
  340. ^ Von Furth, Daisy (October 1991). "Hole Lotta Love". Spin. Vol. 7, no. 7. p. 32. ISSN 0886-3032 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  341. ^ a b Reynolds, Simon (February 9, 1992). "Belting Out That Most Unfeminine Emotion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  342. ^ "Grey Presents Courtney Love at Cannes in 8th Annual Music Legends Seminar". PR Newswire. June 13, 2014. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016.
  343. ^ Morris, Matthew (November 11, 2009). "Writing (Courtney) Love into the History of Rhetoric: Articulation of a Feminist Consciousness in Live Through This". National Communication Association. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2012. (Link to abstract only)
  344. ^ France, Kim (1998). "Kim France on Bitch: In Praise of Difficult Women by Elizabeth Wurtzel". Bookforum. 5–7: 7–8. ISSN 1098-3376.
  345. ^ Schneier, Matthew (February 13, 2019). "Angry Dolls Meet Their Mother". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  346. ^ Levin, Hanna (November 20, 2003). "The Hole Story". The Stranger. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014.
  347. ^ Burns & Lafrance 2002, pp. 98–103.
  348. ^ True, Everett (June 15, 1991). "Hole". Melody Maker. Sidelines. p. 8. ISSN 0025-9012. (Archived scan).
  349. ^ Kreps, Daniel (June 17, 2009). "Courtney Love To Resurrect Hole For "Nobody's Daughter"". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 17, 2014.
  350. ^ Heller, Jason (April 27, 2010). "Hole: Nobody's Daughter". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  351. ^ Soloski, Alexis (January 9, 2015). "Courtney Love's 'theatricalised concept album' sounds practically amphibian". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  352. ^ Fortini, Amanda (April 7, 2004). "Love Me, Love My Tantrums". Slate. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018.
  353. ^ Feeney, Nolan (April 22, 2014). "Hear Courtney Love Howl on 'You Know My Name'". Time. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014.
  354. ^ a b Fricke, David (April 12, 1994). "Live Through This". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014.
  355. ^ Browne, David (April 15, 1994). "Live Through This Review". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
  356. ^ Petrusich, Amanda (April 27, 2010). "Hole: Nobody's Daughter". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010.
  357. ^ "The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. January 1, 2023. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024.
  358. ^ "Courtney Love (Hole) Jazzmaster Fender Guitar – Hard Rock Cafe NYC". Flickr. April 9, 2007. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016.
  359. ^ Yarm 2011, p. 353.
  360. ^ "Courtney Love's Univox Hi-Flier". Equipboard. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  361. ^ Ford, Kim. "Courtney Love at Shepherds Bush Empire". Rockshot. Archived from the original on November 12, 2016.
  362. ^ Andrews, Charlotte Richardson (May 8, 2014). "Courtney Love: I wrote the Kurt Cobain 'bitch with zits' note". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016.
  363. ^ a b c Hit So Hard: The Life and Near Death of Patty Schemel (Motion picture). Well Go USA. 2011.
  364. ^ Bahn, Christopher; Earles, Andrew; Hyden, Steven; Modell, Josh; Murray, Noel; Phipps, Keith; Keith Phipps; Nathan Rabin (August 13, 2007). "More Talk, Less Rock: 15 Masters Of Onstage Banter". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018.
  365. ^ a b Powers, Ann (March 19, 2010). "Hole at SXSW: Courtney Love offers one-liners worthy of the Comedy Store". Los Angeles Times. Pop & Hiss. Archived from the original on June 9, 2010.
  366. ^ Hilburn, Robert (November 9, 1993). "POP MUSIC REVIEW : Notes From the Underground: Hole Shows Surprising Depth". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  367. ^ a b Love, Courtney (May 14, 2000). "Courtney Love does the math (unedited speech transcript)". Salon. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019.
  368. ^ "24 Hours of Love". MTV Specials. September 21, 2002. MTV2.
  369. ^ Love, Courtney (October 28, 1997). VH1 Fashion Awards. VH1. I think that great personal style is being true to yourself and speaking your mind, which, since I'm up here, I'm going to do. I feel that keeping gay people in the closet with our attitudes and our actions is cruel, and it's tacky, and most of all, it's boring. Video on YouTube
  370. ^ Balkin, Steve (May 14, 2012). "Courtney Love, Linda Perry Team Up for Gay Rights". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 21, 2016.
  371. ^ Love, Courtney; Perry, Linda (May 10, 2012). "Courtney Love: 'I Tried Begging'". The Insider (Interview). Archived from the original on December 24, 2013.
  372. ^ "Sharon Stone, Kylie Minogue, Dita von Teese, Courtney Love, Kenneth Cole, and Kevin Huvane Join For amfAR Inspiration Gala in Los Angeles". amfAR. October 28, 2010. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015.
  373. ^ Ayers, Michael D. (September 15, 2009). "U2, Scarlett Johansson, Courtney Love Set For AIDS Charity Concert". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 15, 2018.
  374. ^ Weiss, Sabrina Rojas (May 18, 2011). "Courtney Love, Patti Smith Bring Punk Cred To Mariska Hargitay's Charity Event". MTV. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013.
  375. ^ Love, Courtney (June 12, 2014). "Courtney Love on Pop Culture". Endemol (Interview). Interviewed by Noah Levy. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  376. ^ a b Millard 2004, p. 196.
  377. ^ Carson, Lewis & Shaw 2004, pp. 89–90.
  378. ^ a b Carson, Lewis & Shaw 2004, p. 90.
  379. ^ Millard 2004, p. 195.
  380. ^ Millard 2004, pp. 195–96.
  381. ^ O'Dair 1997, p. 472.
  382. ^ Newman, Melinda (2003). "Courtney Cuts the Drama: Love Leaves Woe Behind". Billboard. No. July 19, 2003. p. 61. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  383. ^ a b Harding, Cortney (April 2, 2010). "Courtney Love: Fixing a Hole". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018.
  384. ^ "The 100 Greatest Women in Music". VH1. February 13, 2012. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019.
  385. ^ Chesler, John (April 28, 2015). "The 10 Greatest Female Rock Stars of All Time". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015.
  386. ^ Conner, Shawn (August 21, 2013). "Scout Niblett (Interview)". The Snipe News. I was 17 when I first heard it. I definitely think they had a huge role in that. For me, the thing that I loved about them and her was the anger, and aggressiveness, along with the tender side. That was something I hadn't seen before in a woman playing music. That was hugely influential and really inspiring. Women up 'til then were kind of one-dimensional, twee, sweet, ethereal, and that annoys the shit out of me.
  387. ^ Diehl 2007, pp. 93–94.
  388. ^ Moran, Rob (April 30, 2010). "DUM THINGS". Vice. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. I played out their cassette tapes in about 6th or 7th grade. But I definitely thank Courtney Love for existing because she was one of my formative inspirations and one of the reasons that I play in a band now.
  389. ^ Houston, Rita (December 15, 2009). "Florence + The Machine - Words and Music - 2009". WFUV. Fordham University. Archived from the original on April 7, 2024.
  390. ^ Kemp, Sam (May 1, 2022). "Beach House's Victoria Legrand discusses the brilliance of Courtney Love". Far Out. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022.
  391. ^ "The Sounds That Shaped Me: Annie Hardy". The Bear Writes Words. Archived from the original on October 9, 2022.
  392. ^ Griffiths, Daniel (September 8, 2009). "Quick & Dirty – Nine Black Alps". SoundProof Magazine: 1.
  393. ^ "Lana Del Rey is inspired by Courtney Love". Virgin Media. June 23, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015.
  394. ^ Soghomonian, Talia. "Interview: Avril Lavigne". musicOMH. Archived from the original on January 2, 2011.
  395. ^ Moss, Rebecca (April 30, 2014). "Why Swedes Make the Best Breakup Music". Elle. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  396. ^ Diehl, Matt (April 1, 2014). "Sky Ferreira". Interview. ISSN 0149-8932. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018.
  397. ^ Schippers 2002, p. 93.
  398. ^ Jackson 2005, pp. 264–265.
  399. ^ Lankford 2009, pp. 73–96.
  400. ^ Fricke, David (July 11, 1996). "Patti Smith: Family Life, Recent Loss, and New Album 'Gone Again'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 14, 2016.
  401. ^ Finlay, Jennifer; Don Romesburg (August 17, 1997). "Events that shaped the under-30 mind". The Advocate. p. 10. Retrieved July 21, 2014 – via Google Books. Free access icon
  402. ^ Klaffke 2003, p. 116.
  403. ^ Loder, Kurt (April 22, 2008). "Courtney Love Opens Up About Kurt Cobain's Death (The Loder Files)". MTV. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  404. ^ Wilson, Cintra (September 17, 2008). "You Just Can't Kill It". The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  405. ^ Booth, Emily (April 26, 2013). "In Memoriam – Chrissy Amphlett: Only You". The AU Review. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015.

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courtney_Love&oldid=1257288912"