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Telugu Desam Party

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Telugu Desam Party
AbbreviationTDP
PresidentN. Chandrababu Naidu
General SecretaryNara Lokesh
Parliamentary ChairpersonLavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu
Lok Sabha LeaderLavu Sri Krishna Devarayalu[1]
FounderN. T. Rama Rao
Founded29 March 1982 (42 years ago) (1982-03-29)
HeadquartersN. T. R. Bhavan, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
Student wingTelugu Nadu Students Federation[2]
Youth wingTelugu Yuvatha
Women's wingTelugu Mahila
Labour wingTelugu Nadu Trade Union Council
Peasant's wingTelugu Rythu
Ideology
Political positionCentre[7] to centre-right[8]
Colours  Yellow
ECI StatusState party[9]
Alliance
Seats in Lok Sabha
16 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
2 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies
Seats in State Legislative Councils
Number of states and union territories in government
1 / 31
Election symbol
Bicycle
Party flag
Website
www.telugudesam.org

The Telugu Desam Party (TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land)[15] is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.[16] It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982[17] and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.[18][19]

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.

Ideology and symbolism

The Telugu Desam Party follows a pro-Telugu ideology. It was founded as an alternative to the Congress hegemony, by emphasizing Telugu regional pride and serving as the party for farmers, backward castes and middle-class people. Since the 1990s, it has followed an economically liberal policy that has been seen as pro-business and pro-development.[20]

The TDP uses yellow as the background colour for its flag, with a hut, wheel and plough symbol in the foreground. The party's electoral symbol is bicycle.

Health insurance scheme

Since 2014, every active member has been eligible for a life insurance policy of ₹2 lakh to be paid to their family in cases of death or permanent total disability, such as the loss of two limbs of eyes, due to accidents, with additional payouts of ₹5,000 per child (up to two) for educational costs. Active members are also reimbursed for up to ₹50,000 to cover hospital treatment from such accidents.[21]

History

N. T. Rama Rao (1983–1995)

Main article: Chief ministership of N. T. Rama Rao
N. Taraka Rama Rao

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (NTR) is a prominent figure in Indian cinema and politics, particularly known for his influence in Telugu-speaking regions.[22] As an actor, he gained widespread recognition not only among Telugu-speaking people but across the country. NTR's contributions extend beyond the film industry, as he played a significant role in Andhra Pradesh's political landscape.[23][24][25][26]

On 18 November 1977, the Pralaya cyclone struck the coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh, particularly affecting Diviseema in Krishna district. The cyclone caused widespread devastation, with turbulent seas resulting in massive flooding.[27] Thousands of people lost their lives, and extensive property damage was reported. Official reports indicated casualties more than 10,000. Around 20,000 acres of crops were destroyed, and the overall damage was estimated to be in crores of rupees.[28][29] The event left a lasting impact on the people of the region, and the memory of the flooding is still vivid among locals.[30][31]

Shocked by the devastation, NTR mobilized support from the film industry and the general public to assist the victims of Diviseema. He appealed to people for donations, and the funds raised were used for the rehabilitation of the affected communities.[32]

In response to the challenges faced by the people of Andhra Pradesh, NTR founded the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) on 29 March 1982,[33] with the aim of addressing the state's political and socio-economic issues. The party's formation marked a shift in the political landscape, as it sought to provide an alternative to the long-standing rule of the Indian National Congress, which had been in power for over 26 years.[34] In the 1983 state elections, the TDP secured a landslide victory, and NTR was sworn in as the 10th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh on 9 January 1983.[35]

However, NTR's tenure as Chief Minister was interrupted in August 1984 when he went to the United States for medical treatment. During his absence, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, a TDP MLA, took office as the Chief Minister with the support of the then Governor, Thakur Ram Lal.[36] NTR's son-in-law Naidu, played an active role in rallying the support of legislators for NTR.[37] He gathered them at Ramakrishna Cine Studios until NTR's return.[38] On 16 September 1984, NTR led a march and protest in Delhi, demonstrating against the central government's actions under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Subsequently, NTR regained his position as Chief Minister, restoring his leadership in the state.[39][40][41]

In 1985, after successfully regaining his position as Chief Minister following a brief political crisis, NTR called for fresh elections. The elections resulted in a landslide victory for the TDP.[42] Naidu, who was initially involved in party activities by organizing training programs for legislators and computerizing membership records, was subsequently appointed as the party's general secretary in 1986.[37][43]

During his tenure as Chief Minister, NTR implemented significant reforms in Andhra Pradesh, including the divestment of state industries, the introduction of the 1995 MACS Act for co-operatives,[44][45][46] and an overhaul of the education system with statewide entrance exams like EAMCET. He also initiated welfare programs such as subsidized rice and housing,[47] along with large-scale irrigation projects like the Telugu Ganga project.[48] NTR’s governance focused on decentralization, women empowerment, and enhancing the state's infrastructure, making lasting contributions to its political and economic development.[49][50][51]

The party lost power in the 1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election,[52] and was restricted to the opposition. However, it regained power in the 1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. NTR was sworn in as Chief Minister for the third time.[53] At the national level, the National Front (NF) was established under the leadership of the Janata Dal, which governed India from 1989 to 1990. NTR served as its chairperson.[54]

In 1995, a political crisis in Andhra Pradesh resulted in the removal of NTR as both the Chief Minister and the party president. NTR's son-in-law, N. Chandrababu Naidu, along with other family members, including Nandamuri Harikrishna, Nandamuri Balakrishna, and eldest son-in-law Daggubati Venkateswara Rao, ousted NTR from his roles in the party and government. Naidu accused NTR of being influenced by his second wife, Lakshmi Parvathi, whom he had married in 1993 following the death of his first wife, Basava Tarakam, in 1985. With the majority of party legislators supporting him, Naidu went on to become the longest-serving Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the president of TDP since then.[55][56][57]

On 18 January 1996, NTR died of a heart attack at his residence in Hyderabad, aged 72.[58] With Naidu already assuming leadership of the TDP, Lakshmi Parvathi founded the NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi). However, it failed to make any impact on the TDP's performance or vote share.[59]

N. Chandrababu Naidu (1995–present)

Main article: Chief ministership of N. Chandrababu Naidu
N. Chandrababu Naidu

Telangana (2014–present)

After the formation of Telangana, the TDP, in alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), contested the 2014 Legislative Assembly election. TDP won 15 seats in the newly formed Telangana Legislative Assembly securing most of its seats in the districts of Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, Mahabubnagar, Warangal, and Khammam.[60] The party also won a Lok Sabha seat from Malkajgiri in the simultaneously held 2014 Indian general election.[61][62] However, defections of legislators and other leaders from TDP to the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), now known as Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS), and the alleged portrayal of TDP as an "Andhra party" by the TRS, led to a decline of the party's influence in the state.[63][64][65][66][67][68]

In the 2016 Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation election, TDP won just one councillor seat out of 150.[69] In the 2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election, the party won two seats, both in Khammam district, out of 119 seats. It had contested the 2018 elections as part of the Praja Kutami, which included the Indian National Congress, traditionally a long-time opponent of TDP and other parties.[70][71]

Following the bifurcation, TDP created separate state units for both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. In 2015, L. Ramana, a two time former MLA from Jagtial, was appointed as the first president of the Telangana unit of TDP, serving until 2021. Ramana later quit the party to join the BRS.[72] He was succeeded by Bakkani Narasimhulu, a former MLA from Shadnagar, in July 2021.[73] The party performed poorly in the 2020 Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation election, failing to win any seats.[74]

In November 2022, Kasani Gnaneshwar Mudiraj, a former MLC and BC leader, was appointed president of Telangana TDP by N. Chandrababu Naidu.[75] Kasani, who had also served as the national president of the Mudiraj Mahasabha, initiated efforts to revive the party in Telangana after his appointment.[76][77][78]

However, on 30 October 2023, Kasani resigned as Telangana TDP president and joined the BRS, following N. Chandrababu Naidu announcement that TDP would not contest the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election. Since then, the party's Telangana unit has remained without a leader.[79] The party also announced that it would not contest the 2024 Indian general election in Telangana, but would continue to be part of the NDA.[80]

Activities

On 21 December 2022, the party organized a large public gathering in Khammam district of Telangana to re-energize the party cadre.[81][82] It was attended by TDP chief N. Chandrababu Naidu and the T–TDP unit President Kasani. A huge crowd attended the gathering held at the Sardar Patel Stadium in Khammam.[83] While addressing the gathering, Chandrababu Naidu appealed to those who quit the party to join other political parties to return to regain the party's past glory.[84] After 2018, it was the first time that TDP organized a show of strength in Telangana.[85][86][87][88]

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

The TDP also holds influence in the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands, contesting the Port Blair Municipal Council elections periodically. With a significant Telugu population in the islands, the party secured and maintained two seats in both the 2015 and 2022 council elections.[89][90] On 14 March 2023, TDP councillor S. Selvi was elected as the chairperson, as part of the TDP–BJP alliance.[91][92]

Electoral performance

Lok Sabha electoral performance

The Telugu Desam Party has had a significant presence in the Lok Sabha elections since its formation in 1982. In its first election in 1984, the party made a debut by winning 30 out of 42 seats in Andhra Pradesh.[93] Over the years, TDP's performance in the Lok Sabha elections has fluctuated. In the 1989 elections, the party's influence slightly waned but it remained a key player in the state's politics.[94][95]

N. T. Rama Rao served as the chairperson of the National Front, a coalition of non-Congress parties in the late 1980s.[96] The TDP saw a resurgence in the 1996 and 1999 elections, forming alliances with national parties. N. Chandrababu Naidu played a crucial role as the convenor of the United Front, a coalition of non-BJP and non-Congress parties in the mid-1990s.[97][98][99]

During the late 1990s, TDP leader G. M. C. Balayogi served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1998 to 2002.[100] The party played a crucial role in supporting the Janata Dal coalition government and was instrumental in the formation of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as Prime Minister. The party's alliance with the BJP was pivotal in securing the necessary majority for the NDA.[101][102][103]

The TDP's fortunes declined in the 2004 and 2009 elections, but it improved it's seat count in 2014, winning 16 seats in alliance as part of the NDA.[104] However, in the 2019 elections, TDP faced a major setback, winning only 3 seats amidst strong competition from other parties in the state. After the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh in 2014, the Lok Sabha seats were divided between the newly formed state of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, leaving behind 25 seats in Andhra Pradesh and 17 seats in Telangana. In the recent 2024 election, the party, part of the NDA, managed to win 16 seats, playing a key role in the formation of the Third Modi ministry.[99]

Lok Sabha elections (since 1983)
Year Lok Sabha Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats (%) of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome Ref.
1984 8th N. T. Rama Rao 34
30 / 543
 Steady new 4.31 Steady new 10,132,859 Opposition [105]
1989 9th 33
2 / 543
 Decrease 28 3.29 Decrease 1.02 9,909,728 Others [106]
1991 10th 35
13 / 543
 Increase 11 2.99 Decrease 0.30 8,223,271 Others [107]
1996 11th N. Chandrababu Naidu 36
16 / 543
 Increase 3 2.97 Decrease 0.02 9,931,826 Others [108]
1998 12th 35
12 / 543
 Decrease 4 2.77 Decrease 0.20 10,199,463 Government [109]
1999 13th 34
29 / 543
 Increase 17 3.65 Increase 0.88 13,297,370 Government [110]
2004 14th 35
5 / 543
 Decrease 24 3.04 Decrease 0.61 11,844,811 Others [111]
2009 15th 31
6 / 543
 Increase 1 2.51 Decrease 0.53 10,481,659 Others [112]
2014 16th 30
16 / 543
 Increase 10 2.55 Increase 0.04 14,099,230 Government [113]
2019 17th 25
3 / 543
 Decrease 13 2.04 Decrease 0.51 12,515,345 Others
2024 18th 17
16 / 543
 Increase 13 1.98 Decrease 0.06 12,775,270 Government [114]

State assemblies electoral performance

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections (since 2014)[115]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats (%) of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
2014 14th N. Chandrababu Naidu 165
102 / 175
 Steady new 44.90 Steady new 12,916,000 Government
2019 15th 175
23 / 175
 Decrease 79 39.17 Decrease 5.73 12,304,668 Opposition
2024 16th 144
135 / 175
 Increase 112 45.60 Increase 6.43 15,384,576 Government
Telangana Legislative Assembly elections (since 2014)[116]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats (%) of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
2014 1st N. Chandrababu Naidu 72
15 / 119
 Steady new 14.7 Steady new 2,828,492 Others
2018 2nd 13
2 / 119
 Decrease 13 3.51 Decrease 11.20 725,845 Others
2023 3rd Did not contest
Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections (1983–2014)[115]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats (%) of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1983 7th N. T. Rama Rao 289
201 / 294
 Steady new 46.30 Steady new 9,777,222 Government
1985 8th 250
202 / 294
 Increase 1 46.21 Decrease 0.09 10,625,508 Government
1989 9th 241
74 / 294
 Decrease 127 36.54 Decrease 9.67 10,506,982 Opposition
1994 10th 251
216 / 294
 Increase 142 44.14 Increase 7.60 13,743,842 Government
1999 11th N. Chandrababu Naidu 269
180 / 294
 Decrease 36 43.87 Decrease 0.27 14,613,307 Government
2004 12th 267
47 / 294
 Decrease 133 37.59 Decrease 6.28 13,444,168 Opposition
2009 13th 225
92 / 294
 Increase 45 28.12 Decrease 9.47 11,826,457 Opposition

List of party leaders

List of presidents

No. Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Term in office
Assumed office Left office Time in office
Presidents
1 N. T. Rama Rao
(1923–1996) 		29 March 1982 31 August 1995 13 years, 155 days
2 N. Chandrababu Naidu
(born 1950) 		1 September 1995 29 May 2015 19 years, 270 days
National Presidents
1 N. Chandrababu Naidu
(born 1950) 		29 May 2015 Incumbent 9 years, 215 days

Regional units

No. Name
(Lifespan) 		Term in office Ref.
Assumed office Left office Time in office
Andhra Pradesh unit
1 Kimidi Kalavenkata Rao
(born 1952) 		30 September 2015 20 October 2020 5 years, 20 days [117]
2 Kinjarapu Atchannaidu 20 October 2020 13 June 2024 3 years, 237 days [118]
3 Palla Srinivasa Rao 14 June 2024 Incumbent 200 days
Telangana unit
1 L. Ramana
(born 1961) 		30 September 2015 9 July 2021 5 years, 282 days [73]
2 Bakkani Narasimhulu
(born 1960) 		19 July 2021 4 November 2022 1 year, 108 days
3 Kasani Gnaneshwar Mudiraj
(born 1954) 		10 November 2022 30 October 2023 354 days [75]

Legislative leaders

List of speakers of the Lok Sabha

Further information: Speaker of the Lok Sabha
No. Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Term in office Lok Sabha
(Election) 		Constituency Prime Minister
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1 G. M. C. Balayogi
(1951–2002) 		24 March 1998 19 October 1999 3 years, 341 days 12th
(1998) 		Amalapuram Atal Bihari Vajpayee
22 October 1999 3 March 2002 13th
(1999)

List of union cabinet ministers

No. Photo Portfolio Name
(Lifespan) 		Assumed office Left office Duration Constituency
(House) 		Prime Minister
1 Minister of Information and Broadcasting P. Upendra
(1936–2009) 		6 December
1989 		10 November
1990 		339 days Andhra Pradesh
(Rajya Sabha) 		V. P. Singh
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
2 Minister of Rural Areas and Employment Kinjarapu Yerran Naidu
(1957–2012) 		1 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		324 days Srikakulam
(Lok Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		19 March
1998 		332 days I. K. Gujral
3 Minister of Commerce
[MoS(I/C)] 		Bolla Bulli Ramaiah
(1926–2018) 		1 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		324 days Eluru
(Lok Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		19 March
1998 		332 days I. K. Gujral
Minister of Textiles
[MoS(I/C)] 		21 January
1998 		19 March
1998 		57 days
4 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(MoS) 		Renuka Chowdhury
(born 1954) 		9 June
1997 		19 March
1998 		283 days Andhra Pradesh
(Rajya Sabha)
5 Minister of Power
(MoS) 		Samudrala Venugopal Chary
(born 1959) 		1 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		324 days Adilabad
(Lok Sabha) 		I. K. Gujral
21 April
1997 		9 June
1997 		49 days
Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare
(MoS) 		1 June
1996 		29 June
1996 		28 days
Minister of Non-Conventional Energy Sources
(MoS) 		29 June
1996 		21 February
1997 		237 days Deve Gowda
6 Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare
(MoS) 		Ummareddy Venkateswarlu
(born 1935) 		1 June
1996 		29 June
1996 		28 days Bapatla
(Lok Sabha) 		Deve Gowda
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
(MoS) 		1 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		324 days
21 April
1997 		9 June
1997 		49 days I. K. Gujral
Minister of Urban Affairs and Employment
(MoS) 		29 June
1996 		21 April
1997 		296 days Deve Gowda
21 April
1997 		9 June
1997 		49 days I. K. Gujral
Minister of Urban Affairs and Employment
[MoS(I/C)] 		2 July
1997 		14 November
1997 		135 days
12 December
1997 		19 March
1998 		97 days
7 Minister of Civil Aviation Ashok Gajapathi Raju
(born 1961) 		26 May 2014 9 March 2018 3 years, 297 days Vizianagaram
(Lok Sabha) 		Narendra Modi
8 Minister of Science & Technology
(MoS) 		Sujana Chowdary
(born 1961) 		9 November 2014 9 March 2018 3 years, 120 days Andhra Pradesh
(Rajya Sabha)
MInister of Earth Science
(MoS)
9 Minister of Civil Aviation Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu
(born 1987) 		10 June 2024 Incumbent 203 days Srikakulam
(Lok Sabha)
10 Minister of Communications
(MoS) 		Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani
(born 1976) 		Guntur
(Lok Sabha)
Minister of Rural Development
(MoS)

List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh

Further information: List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh
No. Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Ministry
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1 N. T. Rama Rao
(1923–1996) 		9 January 1983 16 August 1984 7 years, 195 days 7th
(1983) 		Tirupati Rama Rao I
16 September 1984 9 March 1985
9 March 1985 2 December 1989 8th
(1985) 		Hindupur Rama Rao II
12 December 1994 1 September 1995 10th
(1994) 		Rama Rao III
2 N. Bhaskara Rao
(born 1936) 		16 August 1984 16 September 1984 31 days 7th
(1983) 		Vemuru Bhaskara Rao
3 N. Chandrababu Naidu
(born 1950) 		1 September 1995 11 October 1999 14 years, 83 days 10th
(1994) 		Kuppam Naidu I
11 October 1999 13 May 2004 11th
(1999) 		Naidu II
8 June 2014 29 May 2019 14th
(2014) 		Naidu III
9 June 2024 Incumbent 16th
(2024) 		Naidu IV

List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh

Further information: List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh
No. Portrait Name
(Lifespan) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Chief Minister
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1 Nimmakayala Chinarajappa
(born 1953) 		8 June 2014 23 May 2019 4 years, 349 days 14th
(2014) 		Peddapuram Nara Chandrababu Naidu
K. E. Krishna Murthy
(born 1938) 		Pattikonda

See also

References

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Works cited

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