Age regression in therapy
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Age regression in therapy is a psycho-therapeutic process that aims to facilitate access to childhood memories, thoughts, and feelings. Age regression can be induced by hypnotherapy, which is a process where patients move their focus to memories of an earlier stage of life in order to explore these memories or to access difficult aspects of their personality.[1]
Age regression has become controversial both inside and outside of the therapeutic community, with many cases involving alleged child abuse, rape, and other traumatic incidents subsequently being discredited.
The notion of age regression is central to attachment therapy, whose proponents believe that a child who has missed out on their developmental stages can be made to experience those stages at a later age by a variety of techniques. Many of these techniques are intensely physical and confrontational, and include forced holding of eye contact, sometimes while being required to access traumatic memories of past neglect or abuse. Extreme emotions such as rage or fear may be simultaneously induced.
Occasionally, 'rebirthing' has been used with tragic results. Accompanying parenting techniques may use bottle feeding and systems of complete control by the parent over the child's basic needs, including toileting and water.[2]
Definition
[edit]Age regression in therapy is also referred to as hypnotic age regression. This is a hypnosis technique utilized by hypnotherapists to help patients remember the perceptions and feelings caused by past events that have had an effect on their present illness. Hypnotic age regression occurs when a person is hypnotized and is instructed to recall a past event or regress to an earlier age. The patient may then proceed to recall or relive events in their life. If the hypnotherapist suggests that the patient is of a certain age, the patient may begin to appear to talk, act, and think in ways appropriate to said age. This allows for the patient to reinterpret their current situation with new information and insight.[3] They may be guided to experience hypermnesia which is recalling the experience in vivid detail, or to experience revivification which is the reliving of the experience.[4]
Each age regression session can vary based on the hypnotherapist and patient. Having a prior understanding of hypnosis and regression prepares a patient better for age regression therapy and can help the patient to better take to the treatment.[5] The use of a quality hypnotherapist who builds a relationship with the client can be beneficial to the effectiveness of the hypnosis.[6]
Purpose
[edit]The purpose of hypnotic age regression is to reframe the negative feelings and perceptions of the past to facilitate progress towards the patient's goals.[7] It allows patients to find the cause of their current blocks and eliminate their past traumas. When patients are hypnotized, they are in an altered state that allows for their subconscious mind to be accessed.[8] The subconscious mind holds the behaviors and habits that people exhibit to protect them. These behaviors and habits are repeated until they are not necessary any more.[9] Hypnotic age regression allows for patients to reframe and purge their unnecessary behaviors.[10]
False memories
[edit]Whether hypnotic age regression leads to more accurate earlier memories, or if the memories are real at all, is heavily debated. The question of whether people should utilize hypnosis to recall memories of early trauma is very controversial.
Psychological research shows that interviews can be carried out in a way that people can easily acquire false memories.[11]
Joseph Green, a professor at Ohio University, conducted a study on hypnotherapy and false memories. In the study, 48 students who had been shown to be highly susceptible to hypnosis were divided into two groups. Before they were hypnotized, 32 of the students were warned that hypnosis could lead to false memories and could not bring up memories that the individual could not recall consciously. The remaining 16 students were not given such a warning.
Then the students were asked to select an uneventful night from the previous week—a night they had uninterrupted sleep, uninfluenced by alcohol or drugs, and without any dreams that they could recall. During hypnosis, the students were asked if they had heard a loud noise at 4 A.M. that uneventful night. After hypnosis, they were asked if they recalled hearing a loud noise at 4 A.M. during the night in question. Twenty-eight percent of the forewarned students and forty-four percent of those who were not warned about false memories claimed that they had heard such a noise. "The results suggest that warnings are helpful to some extent in discouraging pseudomemories," Green said, adding, "Warnings did not prevent pseudomemories and did not reduce the confidence subjects had in those memories."[12]
In a separate study Green conducted with the help of three students at Ohio State, 160 students were divided into three groups. One underwent self-hypnosis and another deep relaxation, while a third did counting exercises. All of them were told that the regimen would help them recall their earliest memories. Forty percent of those in the hypnosis group later recalled a memory of something that occurred on or before their first birthday. Similar recollections were reported by only 22 percent of those in the relaxation group and 13 percent in the counting group.[12]
See also
[edit]- Confabulation
- Confirmation bias
- Developmental stage theories
- False allegation of child sexual abuse
- False memory syndrome
- Ideomotor responses to questioning in hypnotherapy
- Imagination inflation
- Lost in the mall technique
- Memory errors
- Memory implantation
- Misinformation effect
- Recovered-memory therapy
- Repressed memory
- Regression (psychology)
References
[edit]- ^ Baker, R.A. (1982). "The effect of suggestion on past-lives regression". American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 25 (1): 71–76. doi:10.1080/00029157.1982.10404067. PMID 7180826.
- ^ Chaffin M, Hanson R, Saunders BE, et al. (2006). "Report of the APSAC task force on attachment therapy, reactive attachment disorder, and attachment problems". Child Maltreat. 11 (1): 76–89. doi:10.1177/1077559505283699. PMID 16382093. S2CID 11443880.
- ^ "Hypnosis: A Scientific Approach". Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ Mackey, Edward F. (2009-12-22). "Age regression: a case study". Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association. 12 (4): 46–50.
- ^ Yates, Aubrey J. (September 1961). "Hypnotic age regression". Psychological Bulletin. 58 (5): 429–440. doi:10.1037/h0047460. ISSN 1939-1455. PMID 13787265.
- ^ Lazar, Billie S.; Dempster, Clifford R. (January 1984). "Operator variables in successful hypnotherapy". International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 32 (1): 28–40. doi:10.1080/00207148408415998. ISSN 0020-7144.
- ^ Kraft, D.; Street, H. (2011). "The place of hypnosis in psychiatry Part 4: Its application to the treatment of agoraphobia and social phobia". Archived from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
- ^ Rogers, Janet (May 2008). "Hypnosis in the treatment of social phobia". Australian Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis. 36 (1): 64–68.
- ^ Yankelevitz, D. "Age Regression & Past Life Regression". Wisdom Healing. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ "Hypnoidal: Definition with Hypnoidal Pictures and Photos". Lexicus. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ "People Can Be Convinced They Committed a Crime That Never Happened". psychologicalscience.org. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ a b Brody, J (10 September 1997). "Hypnosis May Cause False Memories". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2011.